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Principles of Fluid Therapy (view source)

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==Definitions==

*'''''Osmosis''''' is the ''net movement'' of water across a semi permeable membrane. The movement is caused by a concentration gradient due to different solute concentrations on each side of the membrane.

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*'''''Osmotic Pressure''''' is the pressure caused by the solutes within the solution. The solute concentration prevents water movement across the membrane.

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*'''''Tonicity''''' is the term used to compare the osmotic pressure of different solutions

**A ''hypotonic'' solution is one that has an osmotic pressure '''lower''' than plasma.

**A ''isotonic'' solution is one that has an osmotic pressure '''the same''' than plasma.

**A ''hypertonic'' solution is one that has an osmotic pressure '''higher''' than plasma.

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*''''''Hypovolaemia''''' is a reduction in normal blood volume which can be caused by:

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** Excessive sweating

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** Water deprivation

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** [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]] and [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]]

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** [[Haemorrhage - Pathology|Haemorrhage]]

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** Pathological dilatation of capacity of the ciruclatory system, and therefore a relative reduction in circulating blood.

==Types of Fluids==

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