Changes

The kidneys receive 25% of cardiac output. From this they filter 20% of the plasma forming a filtrate of which all but 1% is reabsorbed. This equates to the entire circulatory volume being filtered and reabsorbed every 30 minutes. The kidneys respond dynamically to changes in blood pressure and hydration status, using several mechanisms of [[Kidney - Blood Pressure - Anatomy &  Physiology|regulation]] including the [[Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System| Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system]] which can alter the movement of sodium chloride and water in the vascular system and extracellular spaces.

The kidneys receive 25% of cardiac output. From this they filter 20% of the plasma forming a filtrate of which all but 1% is reabsorbed. This equates to the entire circulatory volume being filtered and reabsorbed every 30 minutes. The kidneys respond dynamically to changes in blood pressure and hydration status, using several mechanisms of [[Kidney - Blood Pressure - Anatomy &  Physiology|regulation]] including the [[Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System| Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system]] which can alter the movement of sodium chloride and water in the vascular system and extracellular spaces.

The kidneys are responsible for the production and release of two [[The Endocrine Function of the Kidney - Anatomy & Physiology|hormones]] - Erythropoietin and Renin, which are produced in the Juxtaglomerular Cells. The kidneys also regulate the activation of vitamin D.

The kidneys are responsible for the production and release of two [[Kidney Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|hormones]] - Erythropoietin and Renin, which are produced in the Juxtaglomerular Cells. The kidneys also regulate the activation of vitamin D.

==The Lower Urinary Tract==

==The Lower Urinary Tract==