Changes

* Most birds have only left ovary but 2 ovaries are typical of many raptors.

* Most birds have only left ovary but 2 ovaries are typical of many raptors.

* '''Left Ovary''' lies caudal to the [[Adrenal_Glands_- Anatomy & Physiology|Adrenal Gland]], close to the cranial tip of the [[Macroscopic Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|Kidney]].

* '''Left Ovary''' lies caudal to the [[Adrenal_Glands_- Anatomy & Physiology|Adrenal Gland]], close to the cranial tip of the [[Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|Kidney]].

* Consists of:

* Consists of:

** '''Medulla''': vascular with nerve fibres and smooth muscle

** '''Medulla''': vascular with nerve fibres and smooth muscle

* Suspended by the '''mesovarium'''.

* Suspended by the '''mesovarium'''.

* Blood supply from the '''cranial renal artery'''

* Blood supply from the '''cranial renal artery'''

** Artery is very short, making ovariectomy very difficult with risk of [[Haemorrhage - Pathology|haemorrhage]].

** Artery is very short, making ovariectomy very difficult with risk of [[Haemorrhage|haemorrhage]].

* Contains from 500 to several thousand primary [[The_Ovary_-_Oocytes_- Anatomy & Physiology|oocytes]].

* Contains from 500 to several thousand primary [[Oogenesis - Anatomy & Physiology|oocytes]].

* [[The_Ovary_-_Follicles_- Anatomy & Physiology|Follicles]] are '''pedunculated''', suspended by a stalk containing smooth muscle that has a rich vascular and nerve supply.

* [[Follicles - Anatomy & Physiology|Follicles]] are '''pedunculated''', suspended by a stalk containing smooth muscle that has a rich vascular and nerve supply.

** Large, pendulous [[The_Ovary_-_Follicles_- Anatomy & Physiology|Follicles]] may contact the [[Avian_Digestive_Tract_- Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]], [[Spleen_- Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]] and [[Avian_Intestines_- Anatomy & Physiology|intestines]].

** Large, pendulous [[Follicles - Anatomy & Physiology|Follicles]] may contact the [[Avian_Digestive_Tract_- Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]], [[Spleen_- Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]] and [[Avian_Intestines_- Anatomy & Physiology|intestines]].

** Each consists of a large, yolk-filled oocyte surrounded by a highly vascular follicular wall.

** Each consists of a large, yolk-filled oocyte surrounded by a highly vascular follicular wall.

* Shortly before [[Exotics_-_Breeding%2C_Ovulation_and_Oviposition_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ovulation|ovulation]], a devascularized white band (stigma) appears opposite the stalk, indicating where the wall will rupture at [[Exotics_-_Breeding%2C_Ovulation_and_Oviposition_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ovulation|ovulation]].

* Shortly before [[Exotics_-_Breeding%2C_Ovulation_and_Oviposition_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ovulation|ovulation]], a devascularized white band (stigma) appears opposite the stalk, indicating where the wall will rupture at [[Exotics_-_Breeding%2C_Ovulation_and_Oviposition_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ovulation|ovulation]].

* The empty follicle (calix) regresses following [[Exotics_-_Breeding%2C_Ovulation_and_Oviposition_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ovulation|ovulation]] and disappears in a few days.

* The empty follicle (calix) regresses following [[Exotics_-_Breeding%2C_Ovulation_and_Oviposition_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ovulation|ovulation]] and disappears in a few days.

* No [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_- Anatomy & Physiology|Corpus Luteum]] is required, since there is no embryo to maintain as there is in mammals.

* No [[Corpus Luteum - Anatomy & Physiology|Corpus Luteum]] is required, since there is no embryo to maintain as there is in mammals.

== Oviduct ==

== Oviduct ==

* Occupies the left,dorsal part of the body cavity.

* Occupies the left,dorsal part of the body cavity.

* Related to the [[Macroscopic Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|Kidney]], [[Avian_Intestines_- Anatomy & Physiology|intestines]] and [[Gizzard_- Anatomy & Physiology|gizzard]].

* Related to the [[Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|Kidney]], [[Avian_Intestines_- Anatomy & Physiology|intestines]] and [[Gizzard_- Anatomy & Physiology|gizzard]].

* Massive coiled structure approximately twice body length when fully functional..

* Massive coiled structure approximately twice body length when fully functional..

** Much reduced in juveniles and during the non-laying period.

** Much reduced in juveniles and during the non-laying period.

* Subsequent to [[Exotics_-_Breeding%2C_Ovulation_and_Oviposition_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ovulation|ovulation]], the ovum is engulfed by the Infundibulum.

* Subsequent to [[Exotics_-_Breeding%2C_Ovulation_and_Oviposition_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ovulation|ovulation]], the ovum is engulfed by the Infundibulum.

* Ovum resides here for '''15-30 minutes'''.

* Ovum resides here for '''15-30 minutes'''.

* '''Fertilization''' must take place in the funnel section of the Infundibulum before the [[The_Ovary_-_Oocytes_- Anatomy & Physiology|oocyte]] gets surrounded by [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_- Anatomy & Physiology#Albumin|albumin]].

* '''Fertilization''' must take place in the funnel section of the Infundibulum before the [[Oogenesis - Anatomy & Physiology|oocyte]] gets surrounded by [[Egg Composition and Formation - Anatomy & Physiology#Albumin|albumin]].

* Penetration by sperm usually occurs within 15 minutes of [[Exotics_-_Breeding%2C_Ovulation_and_Oviposition_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ovulation|ovulation]].

* Penetration by sperm usually occurs within 15 minutes of [[Exotics_-_Breeding%2C_Ovulation_and_Oviposition_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ovulation|ovulation]].

* Infundibular glands provide the chalaziferous layer, the thin coating of dense [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_- Anatomy & Physiology#Albumin|albumin]] around the [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_- Anatomy & Physiology#Yolk|yolk]].

* Infundibular glands provide the chalaziferous layer, the thin coating of dense [[Egg Composition and Formation - Anatomy & Physiology#Albumin|albumin]] around the [[Egg Composition and Formation - Anatomy & Physiology#Yolk|yolk]].

** Chalazae, the coiled strands that suspend the yolk and allow it to rotate so that the ferminal disc remains uppermost, develop further along the genital duct.

** Chalazae, the coiled strands that suspend the yolk and allow it to rotate so that the ferminal disc remains uppermost, develop further along the genital duct.

* Some species have a [[Avian Female Reproductive System & Egg Formation#Sperm_Host_Glands|'''sperm host gland''']] in this area to store sperm for later fertilization.

* Some species have a [[Avian Female Reproductive System#Sperm_Host_Glands|'''sperm host gland''']] in this area to store sperm for later fertilization.

=== Magnum ===

=== Magnum ===

* Demarcated from the Magnum by a narrow aglandular zone.

* Demarcated from the Magnum by a narrow aglandular zone.

* Folds less prominent than the Magnum, but the glands secrete more [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_- Anatomy & Physiology#Albumin|albumin]].

* Folds less prominent than the Magnum, but the glands secrete more [[Egg Composition and Formation - Anatomy & Physiology#Albumin|albumin]].

* Divides the Magnum from the Uterus.

* Divides the Magnum from the Uterus.

* Present in '''poultry''' but not in Psittacines.

* Present in '''poultry''' but not in Psittacines.

* Ovum resides here for '''~1-2 hours'''

* Ovum resides here for '''~1-2 hours'''

* Inner and outer [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_- Anatomy & Physiology#Shell|'''shell membrane formation''']].

* Inner and outer [[Egg Composition and Formation - Anatomy & Physiology#Shell|'''shell membrane formation''']].

=== Uterus ===

=== Uterus ===

* Holds the egg during [[Exotics_-_Composition_and_Formation_of_the_Egg_- Anatomy & Physiology#Shell|shell formation]].

* Holds the egg during [[Egg Composition and Formation - Anatomy & Physiology#Shell|shell formation]].

* 80% of time is spent here.

* 80% of time is spent here.

* Very vascular to aid calcium deposition.

* Very vascular to aid calcium deposition.

[[Category:Avian Reproduction]]

[[Category:Avian Reproduction]]