Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

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BACK TO DISC PROTRUSION


Intervertebral disk degeneration

  • Associated with loss of water from the nucleus pulposus due to lowering of proteoglycan content
    • Reduces the cushioning function
    • Can lead to herniation of the nucleus pulposus through the annular rings and impinge on the spinal cord.
  • Breeds
    • Dachshund (45-75% of cases), Pekingese, beagle, Lhaso apso and cocker spaniel
    • Probably partly because all are chondrodysplastic to a varying degree
      • Occurs in all disks simultaneously (cf: non chondrodysplastic dogs – degeneration in only one disk at a time).
      • Chondrodysplastic dogs -> chondroid metaplasia of the nucleus pulposus, with progressive calcification
      • Occurs at a young age … cf non-chondrodysplastic breeds , occurs as a senile change
      • Progressive decrease in amount of glycosaminoglycans, and changes from chondroitin sulphate to keratin sulphate over the first few years of life
      • Hansen type I protrusions – explosive and large
    • Non-chondrodysplastic dogs -> progressive fibrous metaplasia of the nucleaus pulposus, starting at the periphery
      • Increased amount of type I collagen (poor at withstanding compressive loads)
      • Can lead with time, to bulging of the remaining nucleus pulposus dorsally, as it becomes increasingly constricted by the annular fibrosa
      • Calcification is uncommon
      • Hansen type II protrusions -> small and progressive