Bones - Anatomy & Physiology

BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Bone comprises the structure of the skeletal system and provide lever arms for locomotion. Bone also plays important roles in maintaining mineral homeostasis as well as providing the environment for hematopoesis in marrow.

Types of Bone

• Long Bone
  • Found in the limbs and act as levers for locomotion
  • An elongated diaphysis (shaft) and two epiphyses (ends), each of which encases a center for ossification

• Short Bone
  • Found in places of articulation, such as the carpus and tarsus
  • All dimensions are relatively equal, generally signifying one center of ossification

• Flat Bone
  • Found in the skull, pelvic girdle, and scapula
  • Expand in two directions, with a broad surface for attachment of large muscle masses and protection of underlying structures