Innate Immunity Flashcards

INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS

Actions and Tools of the Innate Immune System

Question	Answer	Article
True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system	True	Link to Answer Article
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells?	Lipopolysaccharides or Gram Negative bacteria Peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria Mannose sugars D-isoform amino acids	Link to Answer Article
What recognises PAMPs?	Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)	Link to Answer Article
Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located?	Cell membrane	Link to Answer Article
Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located?	Cell cytoplasm	Link to Answer Article
Which catabolic enzymes digest microbes after phagocytosis?	Glycosidases Lipases Proteases	Link to Answer Article
True or False: Lysosomes do not use energy when they kill microbes	False Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes, killing microbes in an energy-dependent way	Link to Answer Article
Name two physical barriers of the innate immune system	Skin Mucous membranes	Link to Answer Article
Name 3 biochemical barriers of the innate immune system	Lactic and fatty acids Enzymes Mucous	Link to Answer Article
What is the function of commensal organisms?	Produce natural antibiotics Outcompete pathogens at epithelial and mucosal surfaces	Link to Answer Article
Complete the sentence about commensal organisms	When commensals are disturbed, infection with opportunistic organisms is increased	Link to Answer Article
Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action	Lysozyme Digests bacterial cell walls Complement Promotes phagocytosis or lysis of invading organisms Interferons Make uninfected cells resistant to infection	Link to Answer Article
Which granulocytes are components of the innate immune response to infection?	Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils/mast cells	Link to Answer Article
Which other cells are components of the innate immune response to infection?	Monocytes Tissue mast cells Macrophages	Link to Answer Article

Innate Immunity to Viruses

Question	Answer	Article
What is the main element of a viral attack which the innate immune system can recognise?	Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)	Link to Answer Article
Where are TLR3's located in the cell and what do they recognise?	Cell surface Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)	Link to Answer Article
What are the funtions of Type I Interferon production in response to a viral attack?	Increases mRNA degredation Inhibits protein synthesis Increases antigen presentation to antibody	Link to Answer Article
Which cells are produced as the final line of response to viral attack and which cells do they target?	Natural Killer cells (NK cells) Targets cells with decreased levels of MHC on their surface	Link to Answer Article

Innate Immunity to Bacteria

Question	Answer	Article
What effects does the release of inflammatory cytokines have on the infected area?	White blood cell influx Vasodilation Increase in vascular permeability Sustains a rise in core temperature Mediates the release of acute phase proteins from the liver Mediates boone marrow mobilisation	Link to Answer Article
Which cell is most important in the innate response to bacterial infection?	Neutrophils	Link to Answer Article

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