Immunodeficiencies - WikiBlood

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Introduction

Like any system in the body the immune system can go wrong. Autoimmunity is when the immune system begins to attack itself. Immunodeficiency is when the immune system fails to protect itself from disease.

If the immunodeficient defect is present at birth and is therefore a result of a genetic or developmental abnormality, it is called primary immunodeficiency.

Secondary immunodeficiency, soemtimes called aquired immunodeficiency, is the loss of immune function during life, caused by exposure to harmful agents.

Primary Immunodeficiency

Deficiencies of Innate Immunity

• Canine Cyclic Haematopoiesis

• Canine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (CLAD)

• Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD)

Deficiencies of Adaptive Immunity

• Equine & Canine Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID)

• Selective IgA deficiency of German Shepherd Dogs

• Immunodeficiency of Weimaraners

• Rhinitis/Bronchopneumonia in Irish Wolfhounds

• Pneumocystis infection in Miniature Dachshunds

Severe Combined Deficiency

• Severe Combined Immune Deficiency(SCID)
  • No functional B or T cells

• Arthymic nude mice (no thymus)
  • No functional T cells

• Knock-out muce
  • E.g. Gene coding for CD4, CD8, IL-10 removed

Secondary Immunodeficiency

Viral Causes

• Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV)

• Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

• Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus (BIV)

Toxic Causes

• Poisons

Iatrogenic Causes

• Drugs
  • Corticosteroids
  • Ciclosporin
  • Cytoxic cancer therapy

Other Causes

• Malnutrition

• Chronic disease

• Stress

• Senescence

References

• Ivan Roitt: Essential Immunology, Ninth edition

• Goldsby, Kindt, & Osbourne KUBY Immunology, Fourth edition

• B.Catchpole RVC

Creators

Natalie Brown