Bovine Physiology - WikiNormals
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Kahn, Cynthia M., Line, Scott., Aiello, Susan E. (2005) The Merck Veterinary Manual. Ninth Edition ed. New Jersey, United States of America: Merck & Co., Inc. & Merial Limited. pp.Physiology Reference Guides.
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| Physiology | Units | Approximate Value |
|---|---|---|
| General | ||
| Urine Specific Gravity | Grams per milli-litre | 1.030 - 1.045 |
| Beef Cow | ||
| Rectal Temperature | Fahrenheit | 101 |
| Rectal Temperature | Centigrade | 38.3 |
| Dairy Cow | ||
| Heart Rate | Beats per min | 48 - 84 |
| Rectal Temperature | Fahrenheit | 101.5 |
| Rectal Temperature | Centigrade | 38.6 |
| Resting Respiratory Rate | Breaths per min | 26 - 50 |
| Oxen | ||
| Heart Rate | Beats per min | 36 - 60 |