Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Category:WikiClinical CanineCow
Category:WikiClinical FelineCow


Signalment

Description

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is an idiopathic group of disorders characterised by inflammatory changes without a known inciting cause. IBD can affect any part of the intestines and it is classified according to the predominant cellular inflammatory infiltration. Three types have been recognised, they are:

The underlying cause of IBD is currently unknown. It is speculated to have been caused by an exaggerated or inappropriate response by the immune system to dietary and/or bacterial antigens.

Pathogenesis

  • Is idiopathic, but appears to be immune mediated.
    • Possibly food allergy.
      • Change of diet is a potential treatment.
        • Disease is often due to something present in the diet for some time, rather than something suddenly introduced.
    • Hypersensitivity to inhaled or ingested environmental allergens is another possible cause.
  • Lymphocytic - plasmacytic enteritis is seen most commonly in the dog.
    • Is the most common inflammatory colonic disease of dogs.
    • Sometimes seen in the cat and horse.
  • Affects the small intestine, sometimes quite extensively.
    • Produces chronic diarrhoea with lymphocytic or plasma cell (rather than macrophage) infiltration of the lamina propria.
    • Produces a severe protein losing enteropathy.
  • Sometimes eosinophil infiltration is quite marked.
  • Has a hereditary basis in the Basenji

Diagnosis

Clinical Signs

Laboratory Tests

Haematology

Biochemistry

Other Tests

Diagnostic Imaging

Treatment

Prognosis

References

  • Ettinger, S.J. and Feldman, E. C. (2000) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Diseases of the Dog and Cat Volume 2 (Fifth Edition) W.B. Saunders Company.
  • Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Williams, D.A. (2005) BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (2nd Edition) BSAVA
  • Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition) Mosby Elsevier.