Listeria monocytogenes
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- Outbreaks of listeriosis caused by L. monocytogenes seasonal and linked to silage feeding
- Replicates in poor quality silage where the pH excedes 5.5
- Animals highly susceptible during pregnancy due to lowered cell-mediated immunity
- Neural listeriosis:
- Incubation period 14-40 days
- Meningoencephalitis
- Dullness, circling, head tilt, facial paralysis, drool saliva, droop of eyelid and ear
- Exposure keratitis
- Fever during early stages
- Recumbency and death within a few days in sheep and goats
- Abortion up to 12 days after infection in cattle; usually recover but may get septicaemia
- Septicaemic listeriosis:
- Incubation period 2-3 days
- Lambs and occasionally pregnant sheep
- Occurs in newborn piglets, foals, poultry, adult sheep
- Keratoconjunctivitis in cattle and sheep - direct contact with silage via eye
- Pneumonia, myocarditis, enodcarditis
- Zoonosis - consumption of contaminated unpasteurised milk; memingitis and meningoencephalitis; abortion