Selective IgA deficiency of German Shepherd Dogs

Description

IgA deficiency of German Shepherd dogs is a breed specific lack or reduction of immunoglobulin A caused by a heritable defect in the immune system. Dogs which are affected are unable to mount an appropriate immune response and more susceptible to infection and allergic conditions. It has been suggested that the deficiency in IgA is linked to other disease syndromes such as deep pyoderma, inflammatory bowel disease, anal furunculosis and disseminated aspergillosis. The condition is poorly understood and the links between IgA deficiency and other conditions has not been fully documented.

Signalment

German Shepherd dogs.

Diagnosis

Clinical Signs

Clinical signs depend on the level of deficiency but include a high susceptibility to infection, respiratory, gastrointestinal and dermatological conditions. Lethargy, anorexia and failure to thrive are other signs of the condition.

Laboratory Tests

Serum protein electrophoresis can be used to identify deficiencies in immunoglobulin levels; serum immunoglobulin quantification will identify specific deficiencies. Faecal analysis of IgA can be used to investigate mucosal levels.

Treatment

Treatment involves the use of antibiotics for recurrent infections.

γ-Globulin and plasma preparations should not be given because affected patients have high anti-IgA antibodies and may go into anaphylaxis. Affected animals should not be allowed to breed.

Prognosis

The condition cannot be cured but patients with mild defects can be managed. Secondary infections or symptoms should be addressed where possible.

References

Blood, D.C. and Studdert, V. P. (1999) Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary (2nd Edition) Elsevier Science
Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition) Merial
Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition) Mosby Elsevier
Tilley, L.P. and Smith, F.W.K.(2004)The 5-minute Veterinary Consult (Third edition) Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins