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Avian Male Reproductive Tract - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 13:43, 3 September 2008
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|linkpage =Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology
|linktext =Reproductive System
|maplink = Reproductive System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology
|pagetype =Anatomy
<big><center>[[Exotics_-_Reproduction_in_the_Male_Avian_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''BACK TO MALE AVIAN REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
|sublink1=Exotics - Avian Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology - Anatomy & Physiology
|subtext1=AVIAN REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
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= Introduction =
== Introduction ==
Paired reproductive tracts lie along the dorsal body wall. Each tract consists of a testis, a rudimentary epididymis and a highly convoluted deferent duct running alongside the ureter. The testes are connected to the body wall by a mesochorium. This peritoneal fold serves as an attachment for the testes and also a conduit for nerves and blood vessels.
Paired reproductive tracts lie along the dorsal body wall. Each tract consists of a testis, a rudimentary epididymis and a highly convoluted deferent duct running alongside the ureter. The testes are connected to the body wall by a mesochorium. This peritoneal fold serves as an attachment for the testes and also a conduit for nerves and blood vessels.
== Testes ==
= Testes =
[[Image:Chicken male dissection.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Dissection of the Male Avian Reproductive Tract- Courtesy of Andrew Crook, Copyright RVC 2008]]
[[Image:Chicken male dissection.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Dissection of the Male Avian Reproductive Tract- Courtesy of Andrew Crook, Copyright RVC 2008]]
*** Birds that do not have the receptacle structure have little sperm storage capacity.
*** Birds that do not have the receptacle structure have little sperm storage capacity.
== Phallus ==
= Phallus =
* Most birds lack a true phallus.
* Most birds lack a true phallus.
== Absence of Phallus ==
=== Absence of Phallus ===
* Psittacines, Passerines, Pidgeons and birds of prey all have no phallus.
* Psittacines, Passerines, Pidgeons and birds of prey all have no phallus.
* Copulate by transferring semen from the everted [[The_Avian_Vent_and_Cloaca_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#The_Cloaca|Cloaca]] directly into the female [[Exotics_-_Anatomy_of_the_Female_Reproductive_System_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Oviduct|oviduct]].
* Copulate by transferring semen from the everted [[The_Avian_Vent_and_Cloaca_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#The_Cloaca|Cloaca]] directly into the female [[Exotics_-_Anatomy_of_the_Female_Reproductive_System_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Oviduct|oviduct]].
== Non-Protrusible Phallus ==
=== Non-Protrusible Phallus ===
* Rudimentary non-protrusible phallus is seen in male Turkeys and Chickens.
* Rudimentary non-protrusible phallus is seen in male Turkeys and Chickens.
** Median groove permits passage of ejaculate down into the everted female [[Exotics_-_Anatomy_of_the_Female_Reproductive_System_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Oviduct|oviduct]].
** Median groove permits passage of ejaculate down into the everted female [[Exotics_-_Anatomy_of_the_Female_Reproductive_System_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Oviduct|oviduct]].
== Protrusible Phallus ==
=== Protrusible Phallus ===
* Ratites and Anseriformes
* Ratites and Anseriformes
** Anseriformes have a curved, fibrous phallus that conveys semen via a spiral groove.
** Anseriformes have a curved, fibrous phallus that conveys semen via a spiral groove.
= Accessory Sex Organs =
== Accessory Sex Organs ==
The male avian has no [[Male_Reproductive_Tract_-Accessory_Sex_Glands_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|accessory sex glands]] that are seen in mammals. Instead, they have accessory reproductive organs:
The male avian has no [[Male_Reproductive_Tract_-Accessory_Sex_Glands_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|accessory sex glands]] that are seen in mammals. Instead, they have accessory reproductive organs:
== Paracloacal Vascular Bodies ==
=== Paracloacal Vascular Bodies ===
* Found alongside the receptacle of the vas deferens.
* Found alongside the receptacle of the vas deferens.
* Release a lymph-like transparent transudate when engorged.
* Release a lymph-like transparent transudate when engorged.
== Dorsal Procotodeal Gland ==
=== Dorsal Procotodeal Gland ===
* Found on the dorsal [[The_Avian_Vent_and_Cloaca_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#The_Cloaca|proctodeum]].
* Found on the dorsal [[The_Avian_Vent_and_Cloaca_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#The_Cloaca|proctodeum]].
* Undergo [[General_Pathology_-_Disorders_of_Cell_Growth#Hypertrophy|hypertrophy]] in response to '''steroid sex hormones'''.
* Undergo [[General_Pathology_-_Disorders_of_Cell_Growth#Hypertrophy|hypertrophy]] in response to '''steroid sex hormones'''.
== Lymphatic Folds ==
=== Lymphatic Folds ===
* Found within the wall of the [[The_Avian_Vent_and_Cloaca_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#The_Cloaca|procotodeum]].
* Found within the wall of the [[The_Avian_Vent_and_Cloaca_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#The_Cloaca|procotodeum]].
* Contribute to the lymphatic erection of the either cloacal or phallic tissue.
* Contribute to the lymphatic erection of the either cloacal or phallic tissue.
* Release a lymph-like transparent transudate when engorged.
* Release a lymph-like transparent transudate when engorged.