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→Pelvic Girdle and Hip
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The ilium represents the most cranial aspect of the hip which articulates with the sacrum. It extends forward via the wing of the ilium where it forms the ''sacral tuber'', although in carnivores this is not as readily palpatable as in large animals. Ventrally the wing of the ilium forms the ''tubae coxae'' where it forms the point of the hip. The outer margin of the ilium is called the ''iliac crest'' and represents an area of thickening around the rim of the ilium. The gluteus medius muscles originate at the lateral surface of the ilium. Where the wing of the ilium reaches the shaft of the ilium there is a small area that is cut away called the ''sciatic notch'' and this notch facilitates the passage of the sciatic nerve over the pelvis to the hindlimb.
The ilium represents the most cranial aspect of the hip which articulates with the sacrum. It extends forward via the wing of the ilium where it forms the ''sacral tuber'', although in carnivores this is not as readily palpatable as in large animals. Ventrally the wing of the ilium forms the ''tubae coxae'' where it forms the point of the hip. The outer margin of the ilium is called the ''iliac crest'' and represents an area of thickening around the rim of the ilium. The gluteus medius muscles originate at the lateral surface of the ilium. Where the wing of the ilium reaches the shaft of the ilium there is a small area that is cut away called the ''sciatic notch'' and this notch facilitates the passage of the sciatic nerve over the pelvis to the hindlimb. At the caudal aspect of the ilium there is the acetabulum into which the femoral head of the femur articulates. The ilium contributes to the formation of the cranial aspect of the acetabulum.
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The pubis is an L-shaped part of the pelvis and consists of cranial and caudal branches. The cranial aspect of the pubis makes up the ventral aspect of the acetabulum and is known as the body of the pubis. The cranial and caudal branches provide approximately 50% of the circumference of the '''obturator foramen''' through which the obturator nerve emerges.
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The ischium represents the caudal aspect of the pelvis and is essentially a horizontal plate. The cranial aspect of the ischium contributes to the acetabulum and this area is known as the body of the acetabulum. The caudolateral corner of the ischium forms the ischial tuber which in canines is a prominent horizontal thickening.
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The acetabulum is contributed to by all of the above bones. The acetabulum is surrounded by an ''acetabular rim'' and the depth of the acetabulum varies depending on breed, shape of pelvis and hip conformation.
=Forelimb=
=Forelimb=