6,273
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
→Pelvic Girdle and Hip
<br />
<br />
==Pelvic Girdle and Hip==
==Pelvic Girdle and Hip==
The pelvis encircles the pelvic cavity and has several functions including protecting the pelvic viscera, and the reproductive and urinary organs. The pelvis is also essential in locomotion and posture. The pelvis also contains the pelvic canal which, dependant on size, can cause problems during parturition. The pelvic girdle is formed by two hip bones (''ossa coxarum'') which are joined ventrally at the cartilagenous '''pelvic symphysis''' and articulate dorsally with the sacrum. The three components of each hip bone are the '''ilium''', '''pubis''' and '''ischium'''. The bone that articulates with the hip bones to form the hip joint is the '''femur'''.
The pelvis encircles the pelvic cavity and has several functions including protecting the pelvic viscera, and the reproductive and urinary organs. The pelvis is also essential in locomotion and posture. The pelvis also contains the pelvic canal which, dependant on size, can cause problems during parturition. The '''pelvic girdle''' is formed by two hip bones (''ossa coxarum'') which are joined ventrally at the cartilagenous '''pelvic symphysis''' and articulate dorsally with the sacrum. The three components of each hip bone are the '''ilium''', '''pubis''' and '''ischium'''. The bone that articulates with the hip bones to form the hip joint is the '''femur'''.
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The acetabulum is contributed to by all of the above bones. The acetabulum is surrounded by an ''acetabular rim'' and the depth of the acetabulum varies depending on breed, shape of pelvis and hip conformation.
The acetabulum is contributed to by all of the above bones. The acetabulum is surrounded by an ''acetabular rim'' and the depth of the acetabulum varies depending on breed, shape of pelvis and hip conformation.
===Pelvic Girdle===
In canines the wings of the ilium are much more oblique conformation when compared to large animals and this allows the muscles of the pelvis floor to be displaced laterally over a wider area when compared to the vertebral column. This increases the efficiency and therefore power of the abdominal muscles which allows a greater degree of flexibility of the vertebral column which is essential for faster locomotion and agility. Canines also have relatively caudal displaced ''ishial tuber'' which increases the leverage of the hamstring muscles onto the hindlimbs providing further efficiency improvements for locomotion.
=Forelimb=
=Forelimb=