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Bones - Dog Anatomy (view source)

Revision as of 11:16, 9 January 2013

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→‎Joints of the Proximal Forelimb
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The proximal part of the ulna extends beyond the articulation with the humerus forming the ''olecranon process''; known anatomically as the point of the elbow. The olecranon allows the bony attachment of the triceps. Slightly distal to the olecranon the cranial margin articulates with the ''anconeal process'' (see above) which fits into the olecranon fossa of the distal humerus. Slightly distal to the anconeal process and trochlear notch of the humerus are the lateral and medial coronoid processes which also facilitate muscular attachments and collateral ligaments of the elbow. The ulna runs the full length of the radius and is seperated from the radius by an interosseous space that in canines is filled with a membrane.
 
The proximal part of the ulna extends beyond the articulation with the humerus forming the ''olecranon process''; known anatomically as the point of the elbow. The olecranon allows the bony attachment of the triceps. Slightly distal to the olecranon the cranial margin articulates with the ''anconeal process'' (see above) which fits into the olecranon fossa of the distal humerus. Slightly distal to the anconeal process and trochlear notch of the humerus are the lateral and medial coronoid processes which also facilitate muscular attachments and collateral ligaments of the elbow. The ulna runs the full length of the radius and is seperated from the radius by an interosseous space that in canines is filled with a membrane.
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==Joints of the Proximal Forelimb==
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===[[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Shoulder Joint|Shoulder Joint]]===
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The joint capsule barely extends past the areas of articulation, except where it continues distally into the intertubercular groove of the humerus. This provides cushioning and synovial support for the bicipital tendon. The bicipital tendon and the joint capsule pouch are held in place by the '''transverse humeral retinaculum''', which lies between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus.
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===[[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Elbow Joint|Elbow Joint]]===
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The radius articulates with the capitulum and lateral trochlear surface of the humeral condyle. Whilst the medial part articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna. To allow the radius to rotate slightly the radial head has a marginal band of cartilage making the articular circumference. It faces the radial notch of the ulna between the medial and lateral coronoid processes. The joint capsule runs from just proximal to the articular surface of the condyle of the humerus to the periphery of the olecranon fossa; it pouches between the ulna and radius, and under the tendinous attachments of some muscles.
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'''Collateral ligaments''' are paired and lie medially and laterally. They both attach proximally to the epicondyle and distally to the tuberosities of the radius and ulna.
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'''Annular ligament''' of the radius attaches to the sides of the coronoid process of the ulna. This runs deep to the collateral ligaments and forms a ring for the radial head to turn in during pronation and supination.
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The radius and ulna are joined mid-shaft by the '''interosseous ligament''', the remainder is filled by the interosseous membrane.
      
==Structures of the Distal Forelimb==
 
==Structures of the Distal Forelimb==
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