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~~===Infectious canine tracheitis/Kennel cough===~~

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*''B. bronchiseptica'' ~~acts as a primary pathogen in [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Infectious canine tracheitis~~|~~Infectious canine tracheitis]]~~

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{{Taxobox

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*Frequently isolated from dogs with respiratory disease

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|name =''Bordetella bronchiseptica''

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*Often found with viruses or mycoplasma

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|phylum =Proteobacteria

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*Adheres to ciliated epithelial cells in the trachea

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|class =Beta Proteobacteria

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*Colonisation and proliferation in trachea

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|order =Burkholderiales

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*Releases toxins causing epithelial necrosis and prevents ciliary clearance

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|family =Alcaligenaceae

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*Irritation to tract causes coughing

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|genus =Bordetella

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*Mortality rates low

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|species =''B. bronchiseptica''

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*Peribronchial inflammation and [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchopneumonia|~~bronchopneumonia]]~~

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}}

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~~can result in unvaccinated puppies or immunosuppressed dogs~~

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*Severe pneumonia following secondary infection e.g. with [[:Category:Streptococcus species|~~Streptococci]]~~

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*Fatal [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchopneumonia|~~bronchopneumonia]] if occurs secondary to [[Paramyxoviridae#Canine distemper virus|canine distemper virus]]~~

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*Transmission via respiratory secretions by direct contact or aerosol and on fomites

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*Clinical signs:

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**Develop within 3-4 days; persist for up to 2 weeks

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**Coughing

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**Gagging

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**Mild serous oculonasal discharge

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*Treatments includes antibiotics if coughing persists or bronchopneumonia develops

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*Live intranasal vaccines

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*Also found in respiratory tract of cats; can cause pneumonia in kittens; vaccine available

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~~===Atrophic Rhinitis===~~

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[[File:Bordetella bronch.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center> Gram-negative Bordetella bronchiseptica coccobacilli bacteria. (Janice Carr 2009, Wikimedia commons)</center></small>]]

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*''B. bronchiseptica'' ~~causes~~ [[~~Nasal Cavity Inflammatory~~ - ~~Pathology#Bacterial rhinitis~~|~~Atrophic rhinitis of pigs~~]] ~~in association with [[Pasteurella multocida|~~''~~Pasteurella multocida~~'']]

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''Bordetella bronchiseptica'' is a species of the ''[[Bordetella species - Overview|Bordetella]]'' genus.

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*Colonises nasopharynx

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*Infection must occur during first few weeks of life

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In '''dogs''', ''B.bronchiseptica'' causes [[Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis]], also known as Kennel cough.

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*Produces dermonecrotic toxin which damages osteoblasts, ~~preventing bone formation~~

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*Leads to turbinate atrophy without distortion of the snout in uncomplicated infections

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In '''pigs''', ''B.bronchiseptica'' causes [[Atrophic Rhinitis]].

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*[[~~Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Bacterial rhinitis|~~Atrophic ~~rhinitis~~]] ~~results when~~ [[~~Pasteurella multocida~~|''~~Pasteurella multocida~~'']] ~~colonises and produces osteolytic toxin, leading to bone resorption~~

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*Malformation of snout in ~~growing~~ pigs ~~as well as poor growth~~

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In '''rabbits''', ''B.bronchiseptica'' causes [[Snuffles]].

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*increases with high stocking density and poor ventilation

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*Vaccine available

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''B.brochiseptica'' is closely related to ''B. pertussis'', an obligate human pathogen.

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[~~[Category~~:~~Bordetella species]~~][[Category:~~Dog~~]][[Category:~~Pig~~]]

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{{Learning

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|literature search =

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[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28%28od%3A%28dogs%29%29%29+AND+%28%28title%3A%28%22Bordetella+bronchiseptica%22%29%29%29 ''Bordetella bronchiseptica'' in dogs publications]

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[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28%28od%3A%28cats%29%29%29+AND+%28%28title%3A%28%22Bordetella+bronchiseptica%22%29%29%29 ''B. bronchiseptica'' in cats publications]

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[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28%28od%3A%28pigs%29%29%29+AND+%28%28title%3A%28%22Bordetella+bronchiseptica%22%29%29%29 ''B. bronchiseptica'' in pigs publications]

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[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28%28od%3A%28rabbits%29%29%29+AND+%28%28title%3A%28%22Bordetella+bronchiseptica%22%29%29%29 ''B. bronchiseptica'' in rabbits publications]

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}}

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==Links==

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[http://www.abcd-vets.org/guidelines/bordetella_bronchiseptica_infection/index.asp ABCD information on ''B. bronchiseptica'' in cats]

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==References==

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Ryan KJ; Ray CG (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill.

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[[Category:Bordetella species]]

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[[Category:Expert_Review]]

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Revision as of 16:37, 5 July 2012