Changes

* The suckling reflex is usually shown within the first 30 minutes.

* The suckling reflex is usually shown within the first 30 minutes.

* Camelidae are born agammaglobulinemic because of the lack of [[Gestation -Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placental]] transfer of [[Immunoglobulin_G_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|immunoglobulins]].

* Camelidae are born agammaglobulinemic because of the lack of [[Gestation -Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placental]] transfer of [[Immunoglobulin_G|immunoglobulins]].

* Rely exclusively on passive immunity absorbed from maternal [[Lactation_-_Milk_Composition_and_Biosynthesis-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Colostrum|colostrum]] for their protection against infection during the first weeks of their life.

* Rely exclusively on passive immunity absorbed from maternal [[Lactation_-_Milk_Composition_and_Biosynthesis-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Colostrum|colostrum]] for their protection against infection during the first weeks of their life.

* [[Lactation_-_Milk_Composition_and_Biosynthesis-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Colostrum|Colostrum]] absorption is possible during the first 24 hours of life, with the maximum absorption being achieved during the first 8 to 12 hours.  

* [[Lactation_-_Milk_Composition_and_Biosynthesis-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Colostrum|Colostrum]] absorption is possible during the first 24 hours of life, with the maximum absorption being achieved during the first 8 to 12 hours.  

* Failure of passive transfer of [[Lactation_-_Milk_Composition_and_Biosynthesis-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Colostrum|colostral]] [[Immunoglobulin_G_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|immunoglobulin]] is the major factor in neonatal mortality in alpacas and probably also in other camelidae.  

* Failure of passive transfer of [[Lactation_-_Milk_Composition_and_Biosynthesis-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Colostrum|colostral]] [[Immunoglobulin_G|immunoglobulin]] is the major factor in neonatal mortality in alpacas and probably also in other camelidae.  

* Newborn cria should receive 10% of their body weight in [[Lactation_-_Milk_Composition_and_Biosynthesis-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Colostrum|colostrum]], preferably within the first 12 hours after birth, with half of this amount given in the first 6 hours after birth.  

* Newborn cria should receive 10% of their body weight in [[Lactation_-_Milk_Composition_and_Biosynthesis-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Colostrum|colostrum]], preferably within the first 12 hours after birth, with half of this amount given in the first 6 hours after birth.  

* Many factors such as cold weather or heat stress, lack of mothering, delivery by caesarean section and metabolic disturbances can can negatively affect the absorption of [[Immunoglobulin_G_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|immunoglobulin]].  

* Many factors such as cold weather or heat stress, lack of mothering, delivery by caesarean section and metabolic disturbances can can negatively affect the absorption of [[Immunoglobulin_G|immunoglobulin]].  

* If the dam does not have enough [[Lactation_-_Milk_Composition_and_Biosynthesis-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Colostrum|colostrum]], and no other camelid [[Lactation_-_Milk_Composition_and_Biosynthesis-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Colostrum|colostrum]] is available, then cow or goat [[Lactation_-_Milk_Composition_and_Biosynthesis-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Colostrum|colostrum]] may be used as a substitute.

* If the dam does not have enough [[Lactation_-_Milk_Composition_and_Biosynthesis-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Colostrum|colostrum]], and no other camelid [[Lactation_-_Milk_Composition_and_Biosynthesis-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Colostrum|colostrum]] is available, then cow or goat [[Lactation_-_Milk_Composition_and_Biosynthesis-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Colostrum|colostrum]] may be used as a substitute.

* In normal circumstances, the calf is left with the dam once it has been determined that the dam is producing [[Lactation_-_Milk_Composition_and_Biosynthesis-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Colostrum|colostrum]].  

* In normal circumstances, the calf is left with the dam once it has been determined that the dam is producing [[Lactation_-_Milk_Composition_and_Biosynthesis-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Colostrum|colostrum]].