Difference between revisions of "Canine Distemper Virus"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
*Has been a major pathogen of dogs prior to vaccination | *Has been a major pathogen of dogs prior to vaccination | ||
====Pathogenesis==== | ====Pathogenesis==== | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
*Aerosol infection | *Aerosol infection | ||
*Infects alveolar [[Macrophages - WikiBlood|macrophages]] or [[Oropharynx - Pathology|oropharynx]] | *Infects alveolar [[Macrophages - WikiBlood|macrophages]] or [[Oropharynx - Pathology|oropharynx]] | ||
Line 33: | Line 30: | ||
**Secondary pyogenic infections associated with immunosuppression and damage to epithelia | **Secondary pyogenic infections associated with immunosuppression and damage to epithelia | ||
**Recovered animals may have persistent or spasmodic chorea | **Recovered animals may have persistent or spasmodic chorea | ||
− | **The severity of the disease may vary; if enough neutralising antibody develops in the early stages, the virus maybe kept restricted largely to the lymph nodes | + | **The severity of the disease may vary; if enough neutralising antibody develops in the early stages, the virus maybe kept restricted largely to the lymph nodes |
+ | *Variable mortality depending on virulence | ||
+ | *May occur '''subclinically''' | ||
+ | *Involvement of central nervous system generally results in death | ||
+ | |||
====Diagnosis==== | ====Diagnosis==== | ||
*May present as series of infections | *May present as series of infections |
Revision as of 19:28, 13 October 2008
This article is still under construction. |
|
Hosts
- Dogs, ferrets, seals, lions, mink
- Has been a major pathogen of dogs prior to vaccination
Pathogenesis
- Aerosol infection
- Infects alveolar macrophages or oropharynx
- Multiplies in the bronchial and other lymph nodes, infects monocytes and dendritic cells
- Viraemia
- Spreads via monocytes to a variety of epithelium depending upon the strain of virus
- Respiratory and alimentary tracts, skin and later (1-5 wk. post infection) to the brain
- Clinical signs:
- Mucopurulent oculonasal discharge
- Keratitis
- Interstitial pneumonia
- Severe clinical pneumonia follows secondary infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Smelly sometimes bloody diarrhoea
- Eruptions on the skin including hyperkeratosis of the nose and pads (hardpad)
- Demyelination (especially in cerebellum) -> incoordination or muscle tremors -> paralysis and coma or convulsions -> death
- Encephalitis
- Secondary pyogenic infections associated with immunosuppression and damage to epithelia
- Recovered animals may have persistent or spasmodic chorea
- The severity of the disease may vary; if enough neutralising antibody develops in the early stages, the virus maybe kept restricted largely to the lymph nodes
- Variable mortality depending on virulence
- May occur subclinically
- Involvement of central nervous system generally results in death
Diagnosis
- May present as series of infections
- Immunocytochemistry of inclusion bodies
- Intracytoplasmic inclusions may be found in most affected tissues
- Inclusions persist longest in the brain (may be intranuclear) and the alveolar macrophages
- Sections of fixed bronchial tissue, lung, macrophages, bladder may be used or nasal or conjunctival epithelium from live animals
- Giant cells may be seen in the alveoli
Control
- Live attenuated virus vaccines given at 10 and 12 weeks of age
- Some now given at 7 and 10 weeks to allow socialisation
- Homeopathic vaccines do not work
- Live attenuated vaccines may kill some wildlife therefore Iscom vaccine is used in seal sanctuaries
Secondary Concerns
- Can contribute to Infectious canine tracheitis
- May be involved in chronic interstitial pancreatitis
- May cause growth retardation lattice
- May also trigger latent Toxoplasmosis due to suppressing effect on lymphoid tissue