Difference between revisions of "Canine Parvovirus"
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| + | ==Introduction== | ||
| + | Until 1978 Parvovirus enteriris was totally unknown in dogs - it was first seen in dogs in Australia where it appeared very similar but perhaps slightly worse than the disease seen in the cat. Research revealed a new and distinct disease, but the virus is very closely related to the feline virus; viral DNA is 98% homologous to the feline virus. Clinically, the virus causes enteritis mainly affecting the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] in young dogs over 6 weeks old and myocarditis in puppies. Vaccines are very effective, but the virus is hardy and survives for a protracted time in the environment. | ||
| − | + | ==Antigenicity== | |
| − | *2 Canine | + | *2 Canine viruses have been identified: |
| − | **Canine Parvovirus 1 ('''CPV1'''): avirulent | + | **Canine Parvovirus 1 ('''CPV1'''): avirulent and ubiquitous in the canine population |
| − | **Canine Parvovirus 2 ('''CPV2'''): new virus emerged in the late 1970's | + | **Canine Parvovirus 2 ('''CPV2'''): a new virus that emerged in the late 1970's |
| − | + | Antigenic variants do naturally occur. | |
| − | ==== | + | ==Signalment== |
| − | + | The virus predominantly affects dogs, but CPV 2a/2b can cause clinical disease in cats. | |
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| − | + | ==Pathogenesis== | |
| − | + | Oropharyngeal infection is followed by '''viremia'''. Subsequently there are 2 distinct syndromes: | |
| − | + | #'''Myocarditis''' in puppies aged 3-8 weeks - the virus targets rapidly dividing myocardium leading to sudden death, or '''fading puppy''' syndrome. This is now rare due to widespread passive immunity. | |
| − | #'''Myocarditis''' in puppies aged 3-8 weeks | + | #'''Enteritis''' in puppies >6 weeks of age. The virus targets intestinal crypts, causing the villi to shorten and the destruction of cypt cells, leading to gray, persistent, foul-smelling diarrhoea or hemorrhagic enteritis. CPV has a high morbidity but low mortality (10%) rate. |
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| − | #'''Enteritis''' in puppies > | ||
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| − | + | ==Epidemiology== | |
| − | + | Transmission is by the '''Orofaecal''' route. The host range is controlled by only a few amino acids | |
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| − | + | ==Diagnosis== | |
| − | *HA or ELISA | + | *HA or ELISA to confirm viral infection. |
| + | * Viral antigen can be detected in the faeces by the red cell agglutination test. | ||
| + | * Immunoflurescence. | ||
| + | * Serology. | ||
| − | == | + | ==Prevention and Control== |
| − | *Vaccination, usually in combination with distemper and hepatitis. With first vaccination at 8-10 weeks and the second vaccination two weeks after the first, 10-12 weeks. | + | *Vaccination, usually given in combination with distemper and hepatitis. With first vaccination at 8-10 weeks and the second vaccination two weeks after the first, 10-12 weeks. Earlier vaccinations can be given where breeders are known to have CPV on the premises. |
| − | *Thorough disinfection after disease | + | *Thorough disinfection after disease or removing dogs from that area for at least 9 months. |
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[[Category:Parvoviridae]][[Category:Dog]] | [[Category:Parvoviridae]][[Category:Dog]] | ||
[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical/Viruses]] | [[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical/Viruses]] | ||
Revision as of 12:59, 2 November 2010
 |
This article is still under construction. |
Introduction
Until 1978 Parvovirus enteriris was totally unknown in dogs - it was first seen in dogs in Australia where it appeared very similar but perhaps slightly worse than the disease seen in the cat. Research revealed a new and distinct disease, but the virus is very closely related to the feline virus; viral DNA is 98% homologous to the feline virus. Clinically, the virus causes enteritis mainly affecting the small intestine in young dogs over 6 weeks old and myocarditis in puppies. Vaccines are very effective, but the virus is hardy and survives for a protracted time in the environment.
Antigenicity
- 2 Canine viruses have been identified:
- Canine Parvovirus 1 (CPV1): avirulent and ubiquitous in the canine population
- Canine Parvovirus 2 (CPV2): a new virus that emerged in the late 1970's
Antigenic variants do naturally occur.
Signalment
The virus predominantly affects dogs, but CPV 2a/2b can cause clinical disease in cats.
Pathogenesis
Oropharyngeal infection is followed by viremia. Subsequently there are 2 distinct syndromes:
- Myocarditis in puppies aged 3-8 weeks - the virus targets rapidly dividing myocardium leading to sudden death, or fading puppy syndrome. This is now rare due to widespread passive immunity.
- Enteritis in puppies >6 weeks of age. The virus targets intestinal crypts, causing the villi to shorten and the destruction of cypt cells, leading to gray, persistent, foul-smelling diarrhoea or hemorrhagic enteritis. CPV has a high morbidity but low mortality (10%) rate.
Epidemiology
Transmission is by the Orofaecal route. The host range is controlled by only a few amino acids
Diagnosis
- HA or ELISA to confirm viral infection.
- Viral antigen can be detected in the faeces by the red cell agglutination test.
- Immunoflurescence.
- Serology.
Prevention and Control
- Vaccination, usually given in combination with distemper and hepatitis. With first vaccination at 8-10 weeks and the second vaccination two weeks after the first, 10-12 weeks. Earlier vaccinations can be given where breeders are known to have CPV on the premises.
- Thorough disinfection after disease or removing dogs from that area for at least 9 months.