Difference between revisions of "Carnivore Mammary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology"
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| − | + | {{toplink | |
| − | + | |backcolour =EED2EE | |
| − | + | |linkpage =Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology | |
| − | + | |linktext =Reproductive System | |
| − | + | |maplink = Reproductive System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology | |
| − | + | |pagetype =Anatomy | |
| − | + | |sublink1=Lactation - The Mammary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology | |
| − | + | |subtext1=MAMMARY GLAND | |
| − | = General Structure = | + | }} |
| + | <br> | ||
| + | == General Structure == | ||
* Each mammary complex consists of '''5-20 mammary units''' and their corresponding ducts. | * Each mammary complex consists of '''5-20 mammary units''' and their corresponding ducts. | ||
* Ducts open separately on the tip of the teat. | * Ducts open separately on the tip of the teat. | ||
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| − | == Bitch == | + | === Bitch === |
* Usually '''10 mammary complexes'''. | * Usually '''10 mammary complexes'''. | ||
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| − | == Cat == | + | === Cat === |
* Usually '''8 mammary complexes'''. | * Usually '''8 mammary complexes'''. | ||
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* Extend from the ventral '''thoracic to abdominal''' region. | * Extend from the ventral '''thoracic to abdominal''' region. | ||
| − | + | == Appearance == | |
| − | |||
| − | = Appearance = | ||
* Juvenile/non-lactating: inconspicuous mammary complexes with short teats. | * Juvenile/non-lactating: inconspicuous mammary complexes with short teats. | ||
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* Varies among breeds and individuals. | * Varies among breeds and individuals. | ||
| − | = Blood Supply = | + | == Blood Supply == |
* Additional supply from mammary branches of the '''lateral thoracic artery'''. | * Additional supply from mammary branches of the '''lateral thoracic artery'''. | ||
| − | + | == Lymphatics == | |
| − | |||
| − | = Lymphatics = | ||
* Lymph from the cranial thoracic mammary complex drains into both the '''axillary''' and '''superficial cervical''' lymph node. | * Lymph from the cranial thoracic mammary complex drains into both the '''axillary''' and '''superficial cervical''' lymph node. | ||
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* '''Interconnection''' between left and right superficial inguinal lymph nodes. | * '''Interconnection''' between left and right superficial inguinal lymph nodes. | ||
| − | + | == Complications == | |
| − | |||
| − | = Complications = | ||
* Changes characteristic of the cycle of the bitch include growth and proliferation of the mammary gland with each cycle even if the bitch does not conceive. | * Changes characteristic of the cycle of the bitch include growth and proliferation of the mammary gland with each cycle even if the bitch does not conceive. | ||
* Frequent proliferation and subsequent [[Lactation_-_Involution_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|involution]] predisposes the bitch to [[General_Pathology_-_Neoplasia#Examples_of_Tumour_Types|mammary tumours]]. | * Frequent proliferation and subsequent [[Lactation_-_Involution_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|involution]] predisposes the bitch to [[General_Pathology_-_Neoplasia#Examples_of_Tumour_Types|mammary tumours]]. | ||
Revision as of 14:13, 3 September 2008
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General Structure
- Each mammary complex consists of 5-20 mammary units and their corresponding ducts.
- Ducts open separately on the tip of the teat.
- Shallow grooves indicate the border between complexes.
- Intermammary Sulcus divides the right from the left row.
Bitch
- Usually 10 mammary complexes.
- Arranged in two bilaterally symmetrical rows.
- Extend from the ventral thoracic to inguinal region.
N.B: Not always symmetrical and number of complexes may vary 8-12.
Cat
- Usually 8 mammary complexes.
- Arranged in two bilaterally symmetrical rows.
- Extend from the ventral thoracic to abdominal region.
Appearance
- Juvenile/non-lactating: inconspicuous mammary complexes with short teats.
- Lactation: Mammary complexes increase in size and become hemi-spherical in shape.
- Varies among breeds and individuals.
Blood Supply
- Additional supply from mammary branches of the lateral thoracic artery.
Lymphatics
- Lymph from the cranial thoracic mammary complex drains into both the axillary and superficial cervical lymph node.
- Lymph from the cranial abdominal mammary complex can either drain into the axillary or superficial inguinal lymph node.
- Lymph from the caudal abdominal mammary complex may also drain into the medial iliac lymph nodes.
- Interconnection between left and right superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
Complications
- Changes characteristic of the cycle of the bitch include growth and proliferation of the mammary gland with each cycle even if the bitch does not conceive.
- Frequent proliferation and subsequent involution predisposes the bitch to mammary tumours.