Difference between revisions of "Category:Chlamydophila species"

From WikiVet English
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Replaced content with "{{frontpage |pagetitle =Chlamydophila species |pagebody = |contenttitle =Content |contentbody =<big><b> <categorytree mode=pages>Chlamydophila species</categorytree> </b></b...")
 
(6 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 6: Line 6:
 
<categorytree mode=pages>Chlamydophila species</categorytree>
 
<categorytree mode=pages>Chlamydophila species</categorytree>
 
</b></big>
 
</b></big>
|logo =
+
|logo =bugs-logo copy.png
 
}}
 
}}
  
===Overview===
 
  
*Host adapted and non-host adapted species varying in virulence for different hosts
+
[[Category:Bacterial Organisms]]
*Species cause specific diseases in particular hosts
 
*Respiratory, enteric, pleural and reproductive diseases in animals and humans
 
*Conjunctivitis, arthritis, abortion, urethritis, enteritis, pneumonia, encephalomyelitis
 
*Manifestation varies from subclinical to severe systemic infections
 
*Intestinal infections often subclinical and persistent
 
*Human infections usualy acquired from infected birds, causing psittacosis or ornithosis, causing respiratory infections
 
 
 
 
 
===Characteristics===
 
 
 
*Obligate intracellular bacteria
 
*Gram negative bacteria with outer membrane, LPS, ribosomes, DNA and RNA
 
*Peptidoglycan cell wall resistant to lysozyme
 
*Only grow in presence of living eukaryotic cells
 
*Unable to synthesis ATP therefore require intermediates from host cells
 
*Not stained by Gram stain
 
*Two morphological forms
 
**Elementary body, the infective extracellular form, which is small, metabolically inert and osmotically stable; surrounded by cytoplasmic membrane, outer membrane with LPS, but no peptidoglycan
 
**Retiuculate body: larger, metabolically active, osmotically fragile
 
*Elementary body survives in the environment for several days
 
 
 
 
 
===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity===
 
 
 
*Elementary body enters host epithelial cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis
 
*Transformation into larger reticulate body within endosome; known as an inclusion
 
*Reticulate body divides by binary fission to form many new chlamydia cells
 
*Reticulate bodies mature and condense to form elementary bodies
 
*Elementary bodies released from dying host cells after about 72 hours to infect other cells
 
*Persistent infections can occur if replication delayed by environmental conditions such as presence of interferon gamma
 
*Many infections subclinical due to intracellular existence of ''chlamydia'' preventing inflammatory reactions
 
*Chronic infections  may fail to induce an immune response, or may repeatedly stimulate the immune system, causing a delayed hypersensitivity reaction and tissue damage
 
*Prolonged faecal shedding of organisms
 
*Clinical infections occur in non-natural host species
 
*CLinical signs depend on route of infection and degree of exposure
 
 
 
===Diagnosis===
 
 
 
*Direct microscopy of smears and tissues e.g. organs from aborted foetuses, liver/spleen from avian cases
 
*Kosters (modified Ziehl-Neelsen) stain of placental smears shows small red rods
 
*Blue inclusions in cytoplasm of Giemsa-stained cells
 
*Methylene blue stain with darkfield microscopy
 
*Fluorescent antibody stain
 
*Antigen detection kits for diagnosis from swabs
 
*ELISA to detect ''Chlamydophila'' LPS
 
*Isolation in embryonated eggs and McCoy cells as well as animal tissues
 
*PCR to detect chlamydial DNA
 
*Serological tests: complement fixation, ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence
 
 
 
 
 
*May cause [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Sheep|arthritis in sheep]] and [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Cattle|arthritis in cattle]]
 
[[Category:Bacteria]]
 
 
[[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]]
 
[[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]]
[[Category:Intracellular bacteria]]
 

Latest revision as of 20:57, 5 November 2010

Pages in category "Chlamydophila species"

The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total.