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| ===[[Exudate]]=== | | ===[[Exudate]]=== |
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− | ===Haemorrhage=== | + | ===[[Haemorrhagic Effusion]]=== |
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− | *Turbid - red
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− | *Specific gravity 1.025 - 1.040
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− | *Total protein > 30g/L
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− | *Nucleated cells 1.5 - 10 x 10e9/L
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− | *WBC from peripheral blood (including [[Neutrophils - WikiBlood|neutrophils]] and [[Macrophages - WikiBlood|macrophages]])
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− | *Recent or iatrogenic
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− | **Erythrocytes
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− | **Platelet clumps
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− | *Long standing haemorrage
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− | **Macrophages with erythrophagia of haeme pigment
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− | *''In horses'' in addition to the above
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− | **Haemorrhagic diapedesis
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− | ***Leakage of blood and fluid from the gut secondary to compromised vascular supply and venous return
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− | ***Seen with interstitial necrosis/ischaemia
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− | ***Fluid appears serosanguinous
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− |
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− | '''Due to'''
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− | *Most commonly seen in cats and dogs due to traumatic injury to the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] (e.g. [[Infectious Canine Hepatitis|infectious canine hepatitis]]), spleen (e.g. '''haemangiosarcoma''') and kidney
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− | *Warfarin toxicity
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− | *Moldy sweet clover hay fed to pregnant cows may bleed from umbilical vessels into [[Peritoneal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|peritoneum]]
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− | *Manual ablation of [[Corpus Luteum|corpus luteum]] in cattle
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| ===Chylous effusion=== | | ===Chylous effusion=== |