Difference between revisions of "Category:Fungi"

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There are many different organisms in the fungal lineage which include mushrooms, rusts, smuts, puffballs, truffles, morels, moulds and yeasts, as well as many lesser known organisms. fungi are eukaryotic and heterotrophic organisms which posess a chitinous cell wall. Sexual and asexual reproduction of the fungi is commonly via spores, often produced on specialized structures or in fruiting bodies. Some species have lost the ability to form reproductive structures, and propagate solely by vegetative growth.
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==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
 
There are many different organisms in the fungal lineage which include mushrooms, rusts, smuts, puffballs, truffles, morels, moulds and yeasts, as well as many lesser known organisms. fungi are eukaryotic and heterotrophic organisms which posess a chitinous cell wall. Sexual and asexual reproduction of the fungi is commonly via spores, often produced on specialized structures or in fruiting bodies. Some species have lost the ability to form reproductive structures, and propagate solely by vegetative growth.
 
  
 
Fungi are abundant in soil, vegetation, water and on decaying material and wood. Fungi have a eukaryotic cell structure and are able to grow as branching or filamentous forms (mycelia) or as single cells (yeasts).
 
Fungi are abundant in soil, vegetation, water and on decaying material and wood. Fungi have a eukaryotic cell structure and are able to grow as branching or filamentous forms (mycelia) or as single cells (yeasts).
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Although there are over 50,000 identified species of fungi, only a few hundred are known to be pathogenic, causing infections known as '''mycoses''' (mycology being the study of fungi). Fungi are nonphotosynthetic organisms (lack chlorophyll) which are restricted to a parasitic or saprophytic existence. They are abundant in soil, vegetation, water and on decaying vegetation and wood. Fungi have a eukaryotic cell structure and are able to grow as branching or filamentous forms (mycelia) or as single cells (yeasts).
 
Although there are over 50,000 identified species of fungi, only a few hundred are known to be pathogenic, causing infections known as '''mycoses''' (mycology being the study of fungi). Fungi are nonphotosynthetic organisms (lack chlorophyll) which are restricted to a parasitic or saprophytic existence. They are abundant in soil, vegetation, water and on decaying vegetation and wood. Fungi have a eukaryotic cell structure and are able to grow as branching or filamentous forms (mycelia) or as single cells (yeasts).
 
<big>'''[[Fungal Structure]]
 
 
'''[[Types of Fungi]]
 
 
'''[[Fungal Reproduction]]
 
 
'''[[Immunity to Fungi]]</big>
 
 
=Major pathogenic fungi=
 
'''Superficial''': These infections affect only the skin, hair, nails etc.
 
*Generally not dangerous
 
*Examples- ''Hortaea werneckii'', causing tinea nigra, and ''Piedraia hortae'', causing black piedra
 
 
'''Cutaneous''': including [[Dermatophytosis|'''dermatophytoses''']]
 
*Only affect superficial keratinized tissue- skin, hair and nails
 
*Again generally not dangerous
 
*Examples- [[Yeast-like fungi#Candidosis|''Candida albicans'']], causing [[Yeast-like fungi#Candidosis|candidiasis]] of the skin and nails and ''Microsporum'' species
 
 
[[Subcutaneous Mycoses|'''Subcutaneous''']]: Usually cause chronic localised infections of the skin and underlying dermis
 
*Normally reside in soil and vegetation, entering the skin through cuts and grazes
 
*Can occasionally affect the deep tissues, e.g. bones and muscles
 
*Examples- [[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Sporotrichosis|''Sporothrix schenkii'']], causing [[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Sporotrichosis|sporotrichosis]], [[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Eumycotic Mycetoma|''Madurella mycetomatis'']]  causing [[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Eumycotic Mycetoma|mycetoma]]
 
 
[[Systemic Mycoses|'''Systemic''']]: Also known as '''deep''', '''endemic''' or '''primary'''
 
*Usually serious
 
*Sometimes fatal
 
*Examples- [[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|''Histoplasma capsulatum'']] causing [[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|histoplasmosis]], [[Systemic Mycoses#Blastomycosis|''Blastomyces dermatitidis'']] causing [[Systemic Mycoses#Blastomycosis|blastomycosis]]
 
 
'''Opportunistic''': Ubiquitous fungi that affect only susceptible hosts; immunocompetent individuals are normally resistant
 
*Examples- [[Systemic Mycoses#Aspergillosis|''Aspergillus fumigatus'']], causing [[Systemic Mycoses#Aspergillosis|aspergilliosis]], [[Yeast-like fungi#Cryptococcosis|''Cryptococcus neoformans'']], causing [[Yeast-like fungi#Cryptococcosis|cryptococcosis]]
 
 
=Further Links=
 
 
*[[Fungi Flashcards - WikiBugs|Fungi Flashcards]]
 
 
==Fungal Diseases==
 
 
<ncl style=compact maxdepth=3 headings=bullet headstart=2 showcats=1 showarts=1>Category:{{PAGENAME}}</ncl>
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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*Carter and Chengappa: '''Essentials of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology''', Fourth edition[[Category:Infectious_Agents]]
 
*Carter and Chengappa: '''Essentials of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology''', Fourth edition[[Category:Infectious_Agents]]
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[[Category:To Do - Fungi]]
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==Test yourself with the Fungi Flashcards==
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[[Fungi_Flashcards_-_WikiBugs|Fungi Flashcards]]

Latest revision as of 20:16, 17 August 2010

Fungi

There are many different organisms in the fungal lineage which include mushrooms, rusts, smuts, puffballs, truffles, morels, moulds and yeasts, as well as many lesser known organisms. fungi are eukaryotic and heterotrophic organisms which posess a chitinous cell wall. Sexual and asexual reproduction of the fungi is commonly via spores, often produced on specialized structures or in fruiting bodies. Some species have lost the ability to form reproductive structures, and propagate solely by vegetative growth.


Introduction

Fungi are abundant in soil, vegetation, water and on decaying material and wood. Fungi have a eukaryotic cell structure and are able to grow as branching or filamentous forms (mycelia) or as single cells (yeasts).

The study of fungi is called mycology. Fungi are fundamental for life on earth in their roles as symbionts and by playing a role in xenobiotics, a critical step in the global carbon cycle. Many fungi produce toxins, antibiotics, and other secondary metabolites, some of which cause diseases of animals (as well as plants).

Although there are over 50,000 identified species of fungi, only a few hundred are known to be pathogenic, causing infections known as mycoses (mycology being the study of fungi). Fungi are nonphotosynthetic organisms (lack chlorophyll) which are restricted to a parasitic or saprophytic existence. They are abundant in soil, vegetation, water and on decaying vegetation and wood. Fungi have a eukaryotic cell structure and are able to grow as branching or filamentous forms (mycelia) or as single cells (yeasts).

References

Special accreditation for the use of lecture notes, images and input from:

Professor Andrew N. Rycroft, BSc, PHD, C. Biol.F.I.Biol., FRCPath

Other Sources

  • Carter and Chengappa: Essentials of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology, Fourth edition


Test yourself with the Fungi Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

Subcategories

This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.

C

S

Y

Pages in category "Fungi"

The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total.