Category:Nasal Cavity - Degenerative Pathology

In Horses

Nasal septum abnormalities

• Thickening caused by
  • Trauma
  • Infection
  • Neoplasia of nasal septum, carcinomas most common
  • Amyloidosis (below)
  • Wry nose
  • Empyema, neoplasia, cysts of sinuses

Nasal amyloidosis

• Deposition of amyloid in nasal submucosa of horses
• Not part of generalised amyloidosis
• May extend to larynx
• Nodular of diffuse
• Stenosis may cause obstruction
• Smooth surface, waxy sheen on cut surface
• Macrophages and lymphocytes, giant cells
• May have overlying ulceration of mucosa
• Large firm nodules in alar folds, rostral nasal septum and floor of nasal cavity
• Micro:
  • Deposition of hyaline material in nasal mucosa

Circulatory disturbances

Congestion and Hyperaemia

• Congestion - passive interference with venous return
  • Non-specific
  • Commonly found at post-mortem
• Hyperaemia - active vasodilation
  • Associated with early stages of inflammation

Haemorrhage

• Can result from local trauma or just transfer blood from lower down in the respiratory tract (see epistaxis)