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Cryptosporidium (view source)

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==Epidemiology==

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Cryptosporidum can be transferred by two different routes;

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#'''Faecal-oral infection'''

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This involves ingestion of the sporulated oocysts, usually along with the ingestion of a small amount of fecal material. This can be due to grazing on common pasture as infected animals, meaning infections spread rapidly throughout young stock. In the case of zoonoses, this route is usually the result of poor hygiene after being in contact with potentially infected animals and their faeces. Washing and disinfecting hands after contact with young cattle can help prevent zoonotic infection.

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#'''Water-borne infection'''

*Direct faecal-oral infection

**E.g. School parties visiting farms

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**Difficult to locate source

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~~==Diagnosis==~~

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*Faecal smear

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**Ziehl-Neelson (ZN) stain

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**Oocysts stain red against a blue/green background

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*Immunoassays

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**Detect oocysts in faeces

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~~==Control==~~

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*Isolate/quarantine bought-in calves

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**Treat if signs of [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] present

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*Good hygiene, adequate bedding and disinfection of calf pens is important

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*Prevention/treatment

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**Halofuginone

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***Halocur or Intervet

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***Oral dosage

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~~==Villus Atrophy in Enteritis==~~

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* Affects calf, lamb, piglet, kitten.

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* Increasingly important as part of the neonatal [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] complex in calves.

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* Zoonosis.

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~~====Pathology====~~

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~~=====Gross=====~~

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* Intestines diffusely reddened, with fluid contents.

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~~=====Histological=====~~

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* Tiny parasites on surface of epithelium.

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* Villus atrophy and fusion.

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* Iinflammation (mainly lymphoid) in crypts and lamina propria.

<big>'''[[Cryptosporidia Flashcards]]</big>

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