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Also known as: '''''Demodecosis — Red Mange'''''
Also known as: '''''Demodecosis
==Description==
==Introduction==
An inflammatory parasitic disease of dogs and cats caused by ''[[Demodex]]''. The mites are host-specific and can occur in dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses. There has to be an increased number of immature mites to classify as an infestation. The mite is transmitted from dam to offspring during nursing. The mites live in hair follicles and infestation may lead to secondary bacterial infection and furunculosis.
An inflammatory parasitic disease of dogs and cats caused by ''[[Demodex]]''. The mites are host-specific and can occur in dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses. There has to be an increased number of immature mites to classify as an infestation. The mite is transmitted from dam to offspring during nursing. The mites live in hair follicles and infestation may lead to secondary bacterial infection and furunculosis.
A lymphadenopathy and pyrexia are also common features. Pododemodicosis can occur with the generalised form and can persist after other lesions have resolved or appear in isolation. This manifests as erythema and secondary infection of the feet.
A lymphadenopathy and pyrexia are also common features. Pododemodicosis can occur with the generalised form and can persist after other lesions have resolved or appear in isolation. This manifests as erythema and secondary infection of the feet.
'''Adult Onset Demodicosis:''' Can present as generalised disease or focal alopecia . Onset in adulthood is often associated with internal disease such as ([[Adrenal Glands - Pathology#Adrenal Hyperfunction|hyperadrenocorticism]], immunosuppression or neoplasia. Long term use of glucocorticoids in the West Highland white terrier has been associated with adult onset demodicosis.
'''Adult Onset Demodicosis:''' Can present as generalised disease or focal alopecia . Onset in adulthood is often associated with internal disease such as ([[Hyperadrenocorticism|hyperadrenocorticism]], immunosuppression or neoplasia. Long term use of glucocorticoids in the West Highland white terrier has been associated with adult onset demodicosis.
===Cats===
===Cats===
Demodicosis is rare in these species.
Demodicosis is rare in these species.
===Small Mammals===
[[Mites - Gerbils#Demodecosis|'''Gerbils''']]: Alopecia, scaliness and ulceration of the tail and hindlimbs. Normally in undernourished, debilitated, old, young or pregnant animals. Caused by ''Demodex merioni''.<br>
[[Mites - Hamsters#Demodicosis|'''Hamsters''']]: Moderate to severe alopecia that appears dry and scaly. Normally in animals over 1.5 years of age that are undernourished, immunosupressed or suffering from concurrent disease. Caused by ''Demodex criceti'' and ''Demodex aurati''.
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
History and clinical signs will often indicate demodicosis. Deep skin scraping reveals[[Demodex| ''Demodex'']] mites, eggs and larval forms in high numbers. Hair plucks can also demonstrate mites microscopically.
History and clinical signs will often indicate demodicosis. In all cases of adult onset demodicosis, a detailed history and medical investigation must be undertaken to identify an underlying systemic disease.
===Microscopic Exam===
Microscopic examination of deep skin scraping reveals the cigar-shaped adult [[Demodex| ''Demodex'']] mites (eight legs), larval forms (six legs) and lemon-shaped eggs in high numbers. Hair plucks can also demonstrate mites microscopically. As mites are often residents in normal skin, detecting mites on a skin scrape may not always provide a definitive diagnosis - results should be combined with the entire clinical picture. The absence of mites on multiple skin scrapes may allow you to rule out the disease.
===Laboratory Tests===
===Laboratory Tests===
Prognosis is good for localised cases. Generalised demodicosis is often managed medically however many cases are controlled rather than cured. Owners must be educated about the disease and be advised not to breed from animals with the generalised form.
Prognosis is good for localised cases. Generalised demodicosis is often managed medically however many cases are controlled rather than cured. Owners must be educated about the disease and be advised not to breed from animals with the generalised form.
Adult-onset dogs are often refractory to treatment.
Adult-onset dogs are often refractory to treatment.
{{Learning
|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Bug/bug00050 Demodecosis in dogs]<br>[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis02358.asp Demodectic mange in dogs]<br>[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Technique/teq00593.asp Skin scraping]
[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28title%3A%28Demodicosis%29+OR+title%3A%28Demodex%29+OR+title%3A%28demodecosis%29%29+AND+od%3A%28Dogs%29 Demodicosis in dogs]
|flashcards = [[Cytology Q&A 18]]
|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28title%3A%28Demodicosis%29+OR+title%3A%28Demodex%29+OR+title%3A%28demodecosis%29%29+AND+od%3A%28Dogs%29 Demodicosis in dogs]
[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28title%3A%28Demodicosis%29+OR+title%3A%28Demodex%29+OR+title%3A%28demodecosis%29%29+AND+od%3A%28cats%29 Demodicosis in cats]
[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28title%3A%28Demodicosis%29+OR+title%3A%28Demodex%29+OR+title%3A%28demodecosis%29%29+AND+od%3A%28cats%29 Demodicosis in cats]
[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28title%3A%28Demodicosis%29+OR+title%3A%28Demodex%29+OR+title%3A%28demodecosis%29%29+AND+od%3A%28sheep%29 Demodicosis in sheep]
[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28title%3A%28Demodicosis%29+OR+title%3A%28Demodex%29+OR+title%3A%28demodecosis%29%29+AND+od%3A%28sheep%29 Demodicosis in sheep]
[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28title%3A%28Demodicosis%29+OR+title%3A%28Demodex%29+OR+title%3A%28demodecosis%29%29+AND+od%3A%28goats%29 Demodicosis in goats]
[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28title%3A%28Demodicosis%29+OR+title%3A%28Demodex%29+OR+title%3A%28demodecosis%29%29+AND+od%3A%28pigs%29 Demodicosis in pigs]
}}
==References==
==References==
Forsythe, P (2007) '''Collection and interpretation of clinical samples for dermatological analysis''' ''In Practice 2007 29: 158-16''
Henfrey, J I (1990) '''Canine Demodecosis''' ''In Practice 1990 12: 187-19''
Tilley, L.P, Smith, F.W.K. (2004) '''The 5-minute veterinary consult, canine and feline.''' (3rd edition). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Tilley, L.P, Smith, F.W.K. (2004) '''The 5-minute veterinary consult, canine and feline.''' (3rd edition). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
[[Category:Expert_Review]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Cat]]
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[[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Pig]][[Category:Goat]]
[[Category:Dermatological_Disorders_-_Horse]]
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[[Category:Expert_Review - Small Animal]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Cat]]
[[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Sheep]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Pig]][[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Goat]]
[[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Horse]]
[[Category:Integumentary System - Mite Infections]]