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== Composition = List of Feed Materials ==
== Composition = List of Feed Materials ==
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!colspan="1" bgcolor="#97C7F7"|Table 1 - List of ingredient categories:
!colspan="4" bgcolor="#97C7F7"|Table 1 - List of ingredient categories:
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!align="left" width="100%"|1. Meat and animal derivatives
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|1. Meat and animal derivatives
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|11. Minerals
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!align="left" width="100%"|2. Milk and milk derivatives
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|2. Milk and milk derivatives
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|12. Various sugars
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!align="left" width="100%"|3. Egg and egg derivatives
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|3. Egg and egg derivatives
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|13. Fruit
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!align="left" width="100%"|4. Oils and fats
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|4. Oils and fats
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|14. Nuts
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!align="left" width="100%"|5. Yeasts
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|5. Yeasts
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|15. Seeds
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!align="left" width="100%"|6. Fish and fish derivatives
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|6. Fish and fish derivatives
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|16. Algae
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!align="left" width="100%"|7. Cereals
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|7. Cereals
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|17. Molluscs and crustaceans
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!align="left" width="100%"|8. Vegetables
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|8. Vegetables
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|18. Insects
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!align="left" width="100%"|9. Derivatives of vegetable origin
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|9. Derivatives of vegetable origin
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|19. Bakery products
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!align="left" width="100%"|10. Vegetable and protein extracts
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|10. Vegetable and protein extracts
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%"|
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!align="left" width="100%"|11. Minerals
!colspan="4" align="center" |
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!align="left" width="100%"|13. Fruit
!colspan="4" align="center" |
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!align="left" width="100%"|14. Nuts
!colspan="4" align="left" bgcolor="#97C7F7"|Table 2 - Categories (1-4) and examples of functional groups of additives.
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!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>1) Technological Additives</i>
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>1) Technological Additives</i>
!align="left" width="45%"|d. Urea and its derivatives
!align="left" width="45%"|d. Urea and its derivatives
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!width="10%"|
!width="5%"|
!align="left" width="90%"|e. Thickeners
!align="left" width="45%"|e. Thickeners
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>4) Zootechnical Additives</i>
!colspan="2" align="left" width="50%" bgcolor="#D9EAFA"|<i>4) Zootechnical Additives</i>
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[[Common Ingredients Used In Pet Food|Feed materials (ingredients)]] have to be listed in '''descending order by weight''', and the list has to be preceded by the heading: Composition. On the label of pet foods for dogs and cats, individual feed materials can be replaced by ingredient categories. These categories are designed to provide consumers with some indication of the source of raw materials used, while allowing the manufacturer some flexibility in the selection of the ingredients within a specific category<ref name="Burger">Burger IH. '''Reading a petfood label'''. Journal of Small Animal Practice 1993; 34: 189-191.</ref>. The categories are defined by law in Commission Directive 82/475/EEC laying down the categories of feed materials which may be used for the purposes of labelling compound feeding stuffs for pet animals (Table 1).
== Analytical Constituents ==
Regulation 767/2009<ref name = "Regulation 767" /> requires that under “Analytical Constituents” of both <u><i>complete and complementary feeds</i></u> the typical analysis of nutrients must be declared. In Europe, the typical (proximate) analysis has to be declared. This is the typical nutrient level obtained by considering the results of analysis of several samples. In other words, the typical analysis gives the nutrient levels found in the actual food. The declaration of the following nutrients is mandatory for pet foods for dogs and cats:
:* Crude Protein
:* Crude oils and fats
:* Crude fibre
:* Crude ash*
:* Moisture if >14%
The declaration of nutrients such as [[Calcium - Nutrition|calcium]], [[Phosphorus - Nutrition|phosphorus]], [[Sodium - Nutrition|sodium]], [[Magnesium - Nutrition|magnesium]] and other nutrients is optional. However, all nutrients must be declared to which a manufacturer draws attention either as a picture, icon or in words e.g., stating that the food is “high or rich in nutrient A”.
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In addition for pet food there is a derogation that permits "crude protein" to be replaced by "[[Protein - Nutrition|protein]]" and "crude oils and fats" to be replaced by “[[Fats - Nutrition|fat]] content".
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*Ash is the term used to define the inorganic material left after organic material has been burnt. It is important to recognise that this does not indicate ash was added to the food. It is also permitted to call “ash”, “incinerated residue” or “inorganic matter”.
== Additives ==
Within the EU, Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003<ref name="Regulation 1831">Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition. OJ. L 268, 18/10/2003 p. 29-43.</ref> on additives for use in animal nutrition provides for 4 categories of additives (1-4), each of which contain functional groups (Table 2). More categories may be added over time. Vitamins and trace elements are considered additives and, therefore, are not listed under composition.
=== Which Additives Must Be Declared on the Label? ===
=== Which Additives Must Be Declared on the Label? ===