Changes

==Description==

==Description==

A pneumonic disease which is caused by a range of infectious agents in combination with management and environmental stress causing damage to the respiratory tract. It is principally of viral origin including[[Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus|Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)]], [[Bovine Parainfluenza - 3|Parainfluenza- 3 (PI3)]], [[Flaviviridae|Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV)]], [[Adenoviridae|Adenoviruses]], [[Coronaviridae|Calf coronavirus]], [[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|Bovine herpes viruses]]. Mycoplasmas hve also been implemented and secondary bacterial infection  commonly occurs including [[Mannheimia haemolytica|''Manheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica'' serotype A1]],[[Pasteurella multocida|''Pasteurella multocida'']], [[Arcanobacter pyogenes|''Arcanobacter pyogenes'']] and ''[[Haemophilus somnus]]''.

A pneumonic disease which is caused by a range of infectious agents in combination with management and environmental stress causing damage to the respiratory tract.  

It is principally of viral origin including

*[[Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus|Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)]]  

*[[Bovine Parainfluenza - 3|Parainfluenza- 3 (PI3)]]

*[[Flaviviridae|Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV)]]

*[[Adenoviridae|Adenoviruses]]

*[[Coronaviridae|Calf coronavirus]]

*[[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|Bovine herpes viruses]]   

Mycoplasmas hve also been implemented and secondary bacterial infection  commonly  

*[[Mannheimia haemolytica|''Manheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica'' serotype A1]]

*[[Pasteurella multocida|''Pasteurella multocida'']]

*[[Arcanobacter pyogenes|''Arcanobacter pyogenes'']]  

*''[[Haemophilus somnus]]''

==Treatment and Control==

==Treatment and Control==

Once a diagnosis has been made as to the likely causative organisms a number of management issues on the farm must be addessed.  These include ensuring each calf ingests enough good quality colostrum, good nutrition, stress management, good housing, and other diseases are managed correctly. Additionally group sizes should be assessed and ideally no mor than 20 calves per group. Animals shoul be kept in groups of the same age and should not share airspace with adult cattle.  If this is not possible animals should be arranged with the air flowing from youngest to oldest. Isolation/ hospital pens should be available to prevent spread of disease and to ensure affeced animals are cared for correctly.  

Once a diagnosis has been made as to the likely causative organisms a number of management issues on the farm must be addessed.  These include ensuring each calf ingests enough good quality colostrum, good nutrition, stress management, good housing, and other management of any concurrent diseases. Additionally group sizes should be assessed and ideally no more than 20 calves per group. Animals shoul be kept in groups of the same age and should not share airspace with adult cattle.  If this is not possible animals should be arranged with the air flowing from youngest to oldest. Isolation/ hospital pens should be available to prevent spread of disease and to ensure affeced animals are cared for correctly.  

Additionally  

Additionally once causative organisms have been identified vaccination programmes can also be put in place

==References==

==References==

[[Category:Cattle]]

[[Category:Cattle]]

[[Category:Respiratory_Bacterial_Infections]]

[[Category:Respiratory_Bacterial_Infections]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]