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| − | |linkpage =WikiNormals
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| − | |linktext =WikiNormals
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| − | |pagetype =WikiNormals
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| − | |sublink1= Equine Section - WikiNormals
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| − | |subtext1= Equine Section
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| − | }} | |
| − | '''Go to [[#Donkey|donkey parameters]]'''
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| − | ===Horse===
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| | {|border="2" width="800px" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show" | | {|border="2" width="800px" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show" |
| | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Haematologic Type | | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Haematologic Type |
| − | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|US Units
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| − | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Full US Units
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| | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Internarional Standard Units (SI) | | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Internarional Standard Units (SI) |
| − | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Full SI Units
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| | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Normal Ranges | | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Normal Ranges |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | !colspan="6" bgcolor="#DBDBDB"|UNITED STATES UNITS / International Standard Units (SI) | + | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|WBC |
| | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-3/uL |
| | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|5.5 |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | !align="left"|Packed Cell Volume (PCV) (Haematocrit) | + | !align="left"|RBC |
| − | |% | + | |% x10-6/uL |
| − | |Percentage
| + | |6.7 - 10.0 |
| − | |x10-2/L
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| − | |Per litr | |
| − | |32 - 48 (Lower in cold-blooded)
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Hemoglobin (Hgb) | + | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Haemoglobin |
| | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|g/dL | | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|g/dL |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Grams per deci-litre | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|11.2 - 16.2 |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|x10 g/L
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Grams per litre
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|10 - 18
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | !align="left"|Red Blood Cells (RBC) | + | !align="left"|Haematocrit |
| − | |x10-6/uL | + | |% |
| − | |Per microlitre
| + | |30 - 43 |
| − | |x10 g/L
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| − | |Grams per litre
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| − | |6 - 12 | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Reticulocytes | + | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|fL |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Percentage | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|37.5 - 50 |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|%
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Percentage
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | !align="left"|Mean Corpuscular Volume | + | !align="left"|MCH |
| − | |f/L | + | |pg |
| − | |Per femtolitre | + | |14.0 - 18.7 |
| − | |f/L
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| − | |Per femtolitre
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| − | |34 - 58
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Mean Corpuscular Hgb | + | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCHC |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|pg | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|g/dL |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per picogram | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|36.4 - 38.8 |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|pg
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per picogram
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|13 - 19
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | !align="left"|Mean Corpuscular Hgb Concentration | + | !align="left"|Platelets |
| − | |g/dL
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| − | |Grams per deci-litre
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| − | |x10 g/L
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| − | |Grams per litre
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| − | |31 - 37
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Platelets
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|x10-5/uL
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per microlitre
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|x10-11/L
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per litre
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|1 - 6
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|White Blood Cells
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| | |x10-3/uL | | |x10-3/uL |
| − | |Per microlitre | + | |100 - 250 |
| − | |x10-9/L
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| − | |Per litre
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| − | |6 - 12
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Neutrophils (Segmented)
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-3/uL
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per microlitre
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-9/L
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per litre
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|30 - 75% or 3 - 6
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|Neutrophils (band)
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| − | |% x10-3/uL
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| − | |Per microlitre
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| − | |% x10-9/L
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| − | |Per litre
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| − | |0 - 1% or 0 - 0.1
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Lymphocytes
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-3/uL
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per microlitre
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-9/L
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per litre
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|25 - 60 / 1.5 - 5
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|Monocytes
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| − | |% x10-3/uL
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| − | |Per microlitre
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| − | |% x10-9/L
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| − | |Per litre
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| − | |1 - 8 / 0 - 0.6
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Eosinophils
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-3/uL
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per microlitre
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|% x10-9/L
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Per litre
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|1 - 10 / 0 - 0.8
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|Basophils
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| − | |% x10-3/uL
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| − | |Per microlitre
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| − | |% x10-9/L
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| − | |Per litre
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| − | |0 - 3% or 0 - 0.3
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Myeloid/Erythroid Ratio | + | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Plasma Proteins |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|No units
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|No units
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|No units
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|No units
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0.9 - 3.8 : 1
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|Plasma Proteins
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| − | |g/dL
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| − | |Grams per deci-litre
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| − | |x10g/L
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| − | |Grams per litre
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| − | |6 - 8.5
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Plasma Fibrogen
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| | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|g/dL | | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|g/dL |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Grams per deci-litre | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|6.1 - 8.0 |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|x10g/L
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Grams per litre
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0.1 - 0.4
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | |}
| + | !align="left"|Fibrinogen |
| − | {|width="800px" align="center"
| + | |mg/dL |
| − | {{citation
| + | |100 - 500 |
| − | |initiallast = Kahn | |
| − | |initialfirst =Cynthia M | |
| − | |2last = Line
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| − | |2first =Scott
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| − | |3last =Aiello
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| − | |3first =Susan E
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| − | |year = 2005
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| − | |title = The Merck Veterinary Manual
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| − | |ed = Ninth Edition
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| − | |city = New Jersey, United States of America
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| − | |pub = Merck & Co., Inc. & Merial Limited
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| − | |range = Hematological Reference Guides
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| − | }}
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| − | |} | |
| − | ===Donkey===
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| − | {|border="2" width="800px" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
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| − | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Parameter/units
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| − | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Average
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| − | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Range
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| − | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Interpretation
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | !align="left"|RBC 10<sup>12</sup>/l | + | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Reticulocytes |
| − | |5.5
| + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|/uL |
| − | |(4 - 7.3)
| + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0 (Nil) |
| − | |'''Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:'''
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| − | Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|PCV %
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|33
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(25 - 38) | |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|<small>As above</small>
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|Hb g/dl
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| − | |11.6
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| − | |(9 - 15.3)
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| − | |<small>As above</small>
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCH pg
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|21.9 | |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(18.9 - 28.6)
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Mean corpuscular haematology:'''
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| − | Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|MCHC g/dl
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| − | |34.8
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| − | |(31.4 - 39.1)
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| − | |'''Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:'''
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| − | Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV fl
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|64
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(57 - 79)
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Macrocytosis''' seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|WBC 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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| − | |10.2
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| − | |(6.1 - 16.1)
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| − | |'''White blood cells'''. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], lymphocytes, eosinophils, [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur
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| − | during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|NEU %
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|50.5
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(28 - 78)
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Neutrophils.''' Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|NEU T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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| − | |5.0
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| − | |(2.2 - 13.3)
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| − | |<small>As above</small>
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EOS %
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|4
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(1 - 10)
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Eosinophils.''' Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|EOS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
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| − | |0.38 | |
| − | |(0.09 - 1.15)
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| − | |<small>As above</small>
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|BAS %
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 0.8)
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Basophils.''' Basophilia is rare in donkeys.
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | !align="left"|BAS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | + | !align="left"|Band Neutrophils |
| − | |0 | + | |/uL |
| − | |(0 - 0.5) | + | |0 - 100 |
| − | |<small>As above</small>
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|LYM % | + | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Segmented Neutrophils |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|43 | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|/uL |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(17 - 65) | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|2,200 - 8,100 |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Lymphocytes.''' Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency.
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | !align="left"|LYM T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | + | !align="left"|Lymphocytes |
| − | |4.2 | + | |/uL |
| − | |(1.8 - 7.8) | + | |1,700 - 5,800 |
| − | |<small>As above</small>
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MON % | + | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Monocytes |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|1 | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|/uL |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 5) | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0 - 1000 |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Monocytes.''' Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | !align="left"|MON T 10<sup>9</sup>/l | + | !align="left"|Eosinophils |
| − | |0.13 | + | |/uL |
| − | |(0 - 0.8) | + | |0 - 800 |
| − | |<small>As above</small>
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Platelets 10<sup>9</sup>/l | + | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Basophils |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|5.5 | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|/uL |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(4 - 7.3) | + | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0 - 300 |
| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Thrombocytes.''' Thrombocytosis is rare but can occur in bacterial infections. Thrombocytopaenia may be seen in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), immunemediated thrombocytopenia, equine infectious anaemia (EIA), endotoxemia, equine ehrlichiosis, neoplasia, or as a result of severe haemorrhage. Artifactual reductions in platelet numbers can occur as a result of platelets clumping in EDTA.
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| | |- | | |- |
| | |} | | |} |
| − | Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Appendix 1
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| | | | |
| | + | {{toplink |
| | + | |linkpage =WikiNormals |
| | + | |linktext =WikiNormals |
| | | | |
| − | [[Category:Normal Haematology]] | + | |pagetype =WikiNormals |
| | + | |sublink1= Equine Section - WikiNormals |
| | + | |subtext1= Equine Section |
| | + | }} |
| | + | {{OpenPages}} |
| | + | [[Category:Haematology Reference Ranges]] |
| | + | [[Category:WikiNormals]] |