Difference between revisions of "Equine Viral Arteritis"

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(Created page with '*Causative agent: equine arterivirus (EVA) *Rhinitis, peripheral oedema, [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Path…')
 
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{{unfinished}}
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====Antigenicity====
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*Most cases are subclinical and only '''antibody positive'''
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====Hosts====
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*More common in '''thoroughbreds'''
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====Pathogenesis====
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*Infects nasopharynx and spreads locally, causing:
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**Dypsnoea
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**Coughing
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**Diarrhoea
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**Colic
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*Spread to lymphoid tissue leads to '''leukopenia''' and '''immunosuppression'''
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*Typical '''medial necrosis of arteries''' causing:
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**Hemorrhage
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**Abortions occur after 10-30 days in 50% of pregnant mares (as opposed to Equine Herpes, which shows late abortions)
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**Oedema - particularly ocular, giving rise to "pink eye"
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*Other clinical signs include:
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**Pyrexia
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**Nettle rashes
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**Ocular and nasal discharge
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**Swelling of legs or scrotum
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**Stiffness of gait
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*'''Foal death''' caused by '''interstitial pneumonia'''
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*Stallions become intermittent or persistent '''shedders''' from [[Male Reproductive Tract -Accessory Sex Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|accessory sex glands]] but may show no clinical signs
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====Epidemiology====
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*Controlled virus in the UK but AI and breeding schemes presents a real risk
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====Diagnosis====
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*Clinical symptoms, but may be variable
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*'''PCR''' on '''semen'''
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*'''ELISA''' for serum '''antibody'''
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====Control====
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*'''Vaccines''':
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**Stallions: '''Live attenuated'''
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**Mares: '''Killed whole virus'''
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*Clinical disease is '''NOTIFIABLE'''
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**Seropositive stallions restricted from teasing, mating or AI unless PCR tested negative
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**Persistent shedders should be castrated
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*Serology on imported horses
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*Mares tested within 4 weeks of mating
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*In an outbreak, isolate and restrict movement until antibody-negative for one month
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*Causative agent: [[Arteriviridae|equine arterivirus]] (EVA)
 
*Causative agent: [[Arteriviridae|equine arterivirus]] (EVA)
 
*[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology|Rhinitis]], peripheral oedema, [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology|bronchitis/bronchiolitis]], conjunctivitis, periorbital oedema
 
*[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology|Rhinitis]], peripheral oedema, [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology|bronchitis/bronchiolitis]], conjunctivitis, periorbital oedema
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*Transmitted by respiratory and venereal routes through direct contact with infected horse or its secretions
 
*Transmitted by respiratory and venereal routes through direct contact with infected horse or its secretions
 
*Stallion are a reservoir of infection as they are chronic shedders
 
*Stallion are a reservoir of infection as they are chronic shedders
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[[Category:Arteriviridae]][[Category:Horse]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Viruses]]

Revision as of 11:59, 30 June 2010


 This article is still under construction.


Antigenicity

  • Most cases are subclinical and only antibody positive

Hosts

  • More common in thoroughbreds

Pathogenesis

  • Infects nasopharynx and spreads locally, causing:
    • Dypsnoea
    • Coughing
    • Diarrhoea
    • Colic
  • Spread to lymphoid tissue leads to leukopenia and immunosuppression
  • Typical medial necrosis of arteries causing:
    • Hemorrhage
    • Abortions occur after 10-30 days in 50% of pregnant mares (as opposed to Equine Herpes, which shows late abortions)
    • Oedema - particularly ocular, giving rise to "pink eye"
  • Other clinical signs include:
    • Pyrexia
    • Nettle rashes
    • Ocular and nasal discharge
    • Swelling of legs or scrotum
    • Stiffness of gait
  • Foal death caused by interstitial pneumonia
  • Stallions become intermittent or persistent shedders from accessory sex glands but may show no clinical signs


Epidemiology

  • Controlled virus in the UK but AI and breeding schemes presents a real risk

Diagnosis

  • Clinical symptoms, but may be variable
  • PCR on semen
  • ELISA for serum antibody

Control

  • Vaccines:
    • Stallions: Live attenuated
    • Mares: Killed whole virus
  • Clinical disease is NOTIFIABLE
    • Seropositive stallions restricted from teasing, mating or AI unless PCR tested negative
    • Persistent shedders should be castrated
  • Serology on imported horses
  • Mares tested within 4 weeks of mating
  • In an outbreak, isolate and restrict movement until antibody-negative for one month



  • Causative agent: equine arterivirus (EVA)
  • Rhinitis, peripheral oedema, bronchitis/bronchiolitis, conjunctivitis, periorbital oedema
  • Replicates in macrophages and endothelial cells
  • Disseminates via the circulatory system causing necrotising arteritis
  • Interstitial pneumonia
  • Transmitted by respiratory and venereal routes through direct contact with infected horse or its secretions
  • Stallion are a reservoir of infection as they are chronic shedders
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