Equine Viral Encephalitis
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This article is still under construction. |
Description
Viral diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of equidae causing encephalitis or meningoencephalitis.
Aetiology
Infection with any of the following viruses can cause CNS disease in horses:
Family Bornaviridae, Genus Bornavirus
- Borna Disease Virus
Family Bunyaviridae, Genus Bunyamweravirus
- Cache Valley Virus
Family Bunyaviridae, Genus Orthobunyavirus
- California Encephalitis viruses
- Snowshoe Hare Virus
- Jamestown Canyon Virus
- Main Drain Virus
Family Flaviviridae, Genus Flavivirus
- Japanese Encephalitis Virus
- West Nile Virus (WNV) **
- Kunjin virus
- Murray Valley Virus
- St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
- Powassan virus
Family Paramyxoviridae, Genus Henipavirus
- Nipah virus
Family Rhabdoviridae, Genus Lyssavirus
- Rabies Virus
Family Reoviridae, Genus Orbivirus
- Equine Encephalosis Virus
Family Togaviridae, Genus Alphavirus
Other viruses implicated in equine encephalitis:
- Louping Ill Virus
- Maguari Virus
- Aura Virus
- Una Virus
- Highlands J Virus
- Semliki Forest Virus
- Getah Virus
Legislation
Diseases caused by some of the viruses listed above (**) are subject to the infectious Diseases of Horses Order 1987. "The Order, which revoked and replaced earlier legislation, makes these diseases compulsorily notifiable: it gives an inspector powers to declare an infected place where disease is suspected; to carry out a veterinary inquiry, prohibits the movement of horses carcases and other things onto or off the premises and requires cleansing and disinfection". Council Directive 90/426 describes all cases of equine encephalomyelitis (regardless of cause) as compulsorily notifiable to the EU.
References
Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) Equine Internal Medicine (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 12. http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/atoz/viralenceph/index.htm
| Also known as: | Equine viral encephalomyelitis Equine viral encephalitides |