Line 8: |
Line 8: |
| | | |
| ==Roles in the Body== | | ==Roles in the Body== |
| + | [[File:Omega inflammation.jpg|400px|thumb|right|EPA and AA compete for COX and LOX enzymes]] |
| Fat is an important substrate for the production of energy; in dogs it is the preferred energy substrate during endurance activities.<ref name="Downey"/>,<ref name="Hill"/> | | Fat is an important substrate for the production of energy; in dogs it is the preferred energy substrate during endurance activities.<ref name="Downey"/>,<ref name="Hill"/> |
| | | |
− | #'''Skin and Hair Coat:''' Epidermal keratinocytes produce '''linoleic (LA)''' enriched ceramide to form the '''water permeable barrier of skin'''.<ref name="Elias">Elias PM, ''et al''. (1980) '''The permeability barrier in essential fatty acid deficiency: Evidence for a direct role of linoleic acid in barrier function.''''' J Invest Dermatol''; 74:230-233.</ref> Dogs fed higher fat diets in general experience improvement in coat quality irrespective of essential fatty acid concentration (above minimal requirement).<ref name="Conner">Conner WE, ''et al''. (1992) '''Essential fatty acids: The importance of n-3 fatty acids in the retina and brain.''''' Nutr Rev'' ;50:2129.</ref> | + | #'''[[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology|Skin]] and [[Hair - Anatomy & Physiology|Hair]] Coat:''' Epidermal keratinocytes produce '''linoleic (LA)''' enriched ceramide to form the '''water permeable barrier of skin'''.<ref name="Elias">Elias PM, ''et al''. (1980) '''The permeability barrier in essential fatty acid deficiency: Evidence for a direct role of linoleic acid in barrier function.''''' J Invest Dermatol''; 74:230-233.</ref> Dogs fed higher fat diets in general experience improvement in coat quality irrespective of essential fatty acid concentration (above minimal requirement).<ref name="Conner">Conner WE, ''et al''. (1992) '''Essential fatty acids: The importance of n-3 fatty acids in the retina and brain.''''' Nutr Rev'' ;50:2129.</ref> |
| #'''Inflammatory Mediators:''' '''Arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)''' are concentrated in cellular membranes and are used as precursors for inflammatory mediators and cell signaling pathways.<ref name="NRC"/> Both AA and EPA can be used by cyclooxygenase (COX) or lipoxygenase (LOX) to form the [[Nutrition Glossary#Eicosanoids|eicosanoids]]: prostaglandins, prostocyclins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. Eicosanoids formed from EPA are less pro-inflammatory than those produced from AA. | | #'''Inflammatory Mediators:''' '''Arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)''' are concentrated in cellular membranes and are used as precursors for inflammatory mediators and cell signaling pathways.<ref name="NRC"/> Both AA and EPA can be used by cyclooxygenase (COX) or lipoxygenase (LOX) to form the [[Nutrition Glossary#Eicosanoids|eicosanoids]]: prostaglandins, prostocyclins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. Eicosanoids formed from EPA are less pro-inflammatory than those produced from AA. |
| #'''Brain and Retinal Development:''' '''Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)''' is synthesized in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] from EPA and is transported to the [[Eye - Anatomy & Physiology|retina]] and other nervous tissues where it is converted to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). During growth, synthesis of these long-chain omega-3 FAs is inadequate to support normal retinal and brain development and a dietary source of EPA or DHA is considered [[Nutrition Glossary#Conditionally Essential Nutrients|conditionally essential]].<ref name="Kirby">Kirby NA, ''et al''. (2009) '''Skin surface lipids and skin and hair coat condition in dogs fed increased total fat diets containing polyunsaturated fatty acids'''. ''JAPAN (Ber)'';93:505-511.</ref> | | #'''Brain and Retinal Development:''' '''Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)''' is synthesized in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] from EPA and is transported to the [[Eye - Anatomy & Physiology|retina]] and other nervous tissues where it is converted to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). During growth, synthesis of these long-chain omega-3 FAs is inadequate to support normal retinal and brain development and a dietary source of EPA or DHA is considered [[Nutrition Glossary#Conditionally Essential Nutrients|conditionally essential]].<ref name="Kirby">Kirby NA, ''et al''. (2009) '''Skin surface lipids and skin and hair coat condition in dogs fed increased total fat diets containing polyunsaturated fatty acids'''. ''JAPAN (Ber)'';93:505-511.</ref> |
− |
| |
− | [[Digestibility of Fat]]
| |
| | | |
| ==Consequences of Fat Deficiency== | | ==Consequences of Fat Deficiency== |
Line 34: |
Line 33: |
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| <references /> | | <references /> |
| + | |
| + | <br> |
| + | {{Reviewed Nutrition 1 |
| + | |date = 22 May 2015}} |
| + | {{Waltham}} |
| + | {{OpenPages}} |
| | | |
| [[Category:Fats]] | | [[Category:Fats]] |
− | [[Category:To Do - Nutrition]]
| |
− | [[Category:To Do - Nutrition GGP]]
| |