Difference between revisions of "Feline Calicivirus"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m (Text replace - "Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology" to "Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology") |
|||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
− | + | ==Introduction== | |
− | + | *Normal hosts: Domestic cats and cheetahs | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | *Domestic cats and cheetahs | ||
− | |||
− | |||
*Incubation period: 2-10 days | *Incubation period: 2-10 days | ||
*High morbidity/low mortality, but can be compromised by concurrent infection | *High morbidity/low mortality, but can be compromised by concurrent infection | ||
Line 36: | Line 29: | ||
*Transmission occurs from diseased and recovered (carrier) animals | *Transmission occurs from diseased and recovered (carrier) animals | ||
*Antigenic variation means that subclinical reinfections can occur | *Antigenic variation means that subclinical reinfections can occur | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Antigenicity==== | ||
+ | *Single serotype with antigenic variation | ||
====Strains==== | ====Strains==== |
Revision as of 12:05, 10 November 2010
Introduction
- Normal hosts: Domestic cats and cheetahs
- Incubation period: 2-10 days
- High morbidity/low mortality, but can be compromised by concurrent infection
Clinical signs include:
- Vesicles and ulcers of the oral epithelium (2-5mm)
- Nasal and ocular discharge
- Sneezing
- Anorexia
Variable signs include:
- Pyrexia
- Dyspnoea
- Conjunctivitis
- Rhinitis
- Tracheitis
- Pneumonia
Differential Diagnoses may include:
- Feline Herpes
- Clamydophila felis
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
Recovery can be followed by carrier status For more, see Feline calicivirus
Epidemiology
- FCV is endemic worldwide
- Transmission occurs through direct contact with secretions of carrier cats or indirect contact via drinking bowls, etc
- Clinical disease is most frequently seen in kittens
- Active immunity formed by 1 year of age
- Transmission occurs from diseased and recovered (carrier) animals
- Antigenic variation means that subclinical reinfections can occur
Antigenicity
- Single serotype with antigenic variation
Strains
Recent strains have been shown to cause systemic disease:
- Initial upper respiratory signs are followed by:
- Severe pyrexia
- Oedema, particularly of the head and limbs
- Skin ulcers
- Icterus and Petchiae
- Mortality of up to 50%, and higher in cats over 1 year of age
- Conventional vaccination ineffective
Diagnosis
- Clinical signs unhelpful due to differentials
- Nasal, conjunctival, or oropharyngeal swabs taken for virus isolation
- Diagnosed by pyknosis (Feline herpes causes cellular swelling and syncitia)
Control
Virulent isolate outbreak:
- Quarantine and restrict movement
Prevention:
- Vaccination:
- Live or dead vaccines available
- Contain broadly cross-reactive strains
- In combination with feline herpes and panleukopenia virus
- Live nose-drop vaccine now available in US
- Particular concern for catteries
- Rhinitis,
- Suggested in the presence of ulceration of the dorsal and lateral edges of the tongue, hard palate and external nares
- Lesions present may include interstitial pneumonia with necrotising bronchiolitis
- Also see Feline viral rhinotracheitis above