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*Pale mucous membranes
 
*Pale mucous membranes
 
*Retching(Merck)
 
*Retching(Merck)
*Gastric reflux (time to development is proportional to the distance to the intestinal segment involved, e.g. 4 hours with duodenal obstruction(147).  '''''NB: nasogastric intubation does not preclude the possibility of gastric rupture(146).'''''
   
*Ingesta appears at the nares in severe cases
 
*Ingesta appears at the nares in severe cases
 +
*Gastric reflux
 +
NB: the time to development of reflux is proportional to the distance to the intestinal segment involved, (e.g. 4 hours with duodenal obstruction(147)).  Furthermore, '''''nasogastric intubation does not preclude the possibility of gastric rupture(146).'''''
 
'''Gastric rupture''' typically results in:
 
'''Gastric rupture''' typically results in:
 
*Relief
 
*Relief
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