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==Signalment==
==Signalment==
Can affect both dogs and cats.
Can affect both dogs and cats.
*electrolyte or acid-base imbalances
*electrolyte or acid-base imbalances
*uraemia
*uraemia
*hypothyroidism
*[[Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]]
*hepatic encephalopathy
*[[Hepatic Encephalopathy|hepatic encephalopathy]]
*[[Pancreatitis|pancreatitis]]
*[[Gastric Ulceration - Dog|gastric ulceration]] and inflammation
*anticholinergic drugs and narcotic analgesics used to treat vomiting and diarrhoea
*idiopathic
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis of gastric motility disorders is usually made once other causes of vomiting have been ruled out. The normal gastric emptying time of a dog is 10-12 hours. Therefore, a dog that vomits an undigested meal more than twelve hours after feeding should be strongly suspected of having a gastric motility disorder if an outflow obstruction and inflammatory disease have been excluded.
===Clinical Signs===
===Clinical Signs===
*chronic belching and vomiting
*anorexia
*weight loss
*poor body condition
===Radiography===
===Radiography===
===Biopsy===
*Contrast radiography may support a diagnosis of a gastric motility disorder:
**Half of the animal's daily caloric requirement should be fed as canned food mixed with 5% by weight of barium sulphate. Radiographs are taken every hour until the stomach is empty. This amount of food is normally emptied by the stomach in 5-8 hours. If food is still present after this time, a motility problem is suggested.
*Fluoroscopy studies may be used to assess gastric motility.
===Special Diagnostic Techniques===
A definitive diagnosis of gastric motility disorders requires special diagnostic techniques that are not often available. These include measurement of gastric electrical and contractile activity as well as radio-isotope studies.
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Underlying causes of vomiting should be addressed first.
Drugs that promote gastric peristalsis/motility may be administered once a diagnosis of a gastric motility disorder has been reached. Several drugs have been proposed and may include:
*Cisapride (30 minutes before each meal)
**reduces tachygastria
**increases tone and amplitude of gastric contractions
**relaxes the pyloric canal
**increases contraction in the proximal small intestine
*[[Macrolides and Lincosamides|Erythromycin]]
**acts on smooth muscle motilin receptors to increase gastric contractility
*Metoclopramide
**increases gastric peristalsis
==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
Animals that respond well to medical management have a good prognosis. Those who respond poorly to medical treatment have a poor prognosis.
==References==
==References==
*Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Thomas, D. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (1st Edition)''' ''BSAVA'' Page 109
*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier'' Page 427
[[Category:Stomach_and_Abomasum_-_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Alimentary]][[Category:Gastric Diseases - Dog]]
[[Category:Gastric Diseases - Cat]][[Category:To Do - Medium]]