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| ==Description== | | ==Description== |
| ==Prevalence== | | ==Prevalence== |
− | Racehorses 80-100% | + | Racehorses 80-100% (Hammond et al 1986, Vatistas et al 1994 and 1997, Murray et al 1996) |
− | Show horses 60% | + | Show horses 60% (McClure et al 1999) |
− | Ponies 78% | + | Ponies 78% (MacAllister et al 1982) |
− | Endurance 67% | + | Endurance 67% (Pieto et al 2004) |
| ==Signalment== | | ==Signalment== |
| Foals and young horses in training | | Foals and young horses in training |
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| *Low-grade colic | | *Low-grade colic |
| *Excessive recumbency | | *Excessive recumbency |
− | *Bruxism (in foals only) | + | *Bruxism (in foals only and almost pathognomonic) |
| | | |
| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
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| ==Pathology== | | ==Pathology== |
| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
− | Proton pump inhibitors: only omeprazole (Gastroguard) is licensed for horses. Given PO once daily (4mg/kg) for 3-4 wks, most effective drug at controlling HCl secretion (decreases basal and stimulated release) | + | Proton pump inhibitors: only omeprazole (Gastroguard) is licensed for horses. Given PO once daily (4mg/kg) for 3-4 wks, most effective drug at controlling HCl secretion (decreases basal and stimulated release). Expensive and not absorbed in foas with diarrhoea |
| Histamine H2 receptor antagonists: | | Histamine H2 receptor antagonists: |
| *ranitidine 7mg/kg TID for 3-4wks | | *ranitidine 7mg/kg TID for 3-4wks |
− | *cimetidine 25mg/kg QID for 3-4wks | + | *cimetidine 25mg/kg QID for 3-4wks (cheaper but less effective so must be given more frequently) |
| Gastric protectants: sucralfate 10-20mg/kg TID for 2-4wks | | Gastric protectants: sucralfate 10-20mg/kg TID for 2-4wks |
| Antacids: magnesium and aluminium hydroxides (NOT recommended as have massive rebound effect) | | Antacids: magnesium and aluminium hydroxides (NOT recommended as have massive rebound effect) |
| ==Prognosis== | | ==Prognosis== |
| + | Complications: |
| + | *Recurrence if management not altered |
| + | *Perforation and peritonitis (rare - foals) |
| + | *Pyloric stenosis (rare - foals) |
| ==Prevention== | | ==Prevention== |
− | Gastroguard at lower dose (1mg/kg) daily for 3-4wks | + | Gastroguard at lower dose (1-2mg/kg) daily for 3-4wks (100, 107-109 in Sanchez) |
| + | Prophylaxis in foals controversial as gastric acidity may be protective against bacterial translocation (Sanchez). It may be beneficial in foals receiving substantial doses of NSAIDs for orthopaedic pain (Sanchez) |
| + | Management: diet, training, exercise, stress (company, toys) |
| + | Pasture turnout and continuous access to high quality forage especially alfalfa (Sanchez) |
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| <references/> | | <references/> |