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− | | + | ==Introduction== |
| [[Image:Gastric ulceration.jpg|thumb|right|275px|Gastric ulceration - Copyright David Walker RVC]] | | [[Image:Gastric ulceration.jpg|thumb|right|275px|Gastric ulceration - Copyright David Walker RVC]] |
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− | ==Description==
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| Acute inflammation of the stomach is not uncommon, especially in the dog. The cause is usually the ingestion of substances including | | Acute inflammation of the stomach is not uncommon, especially in the dog. The cause is usually the ingestion of substances including |
− | foreign bodies, spoiled or contaminated food, toxic plants ,chemicals and drugs (especially [[NSAIDs|non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]]). | + | [[Gastric Foreign Objects|foreign bodies]], spoiled or contaminated food, toxic plants ,chemicals and drugs (especially [[NSAIDs|non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]]). |
| Infectious, viral and bacterial causes are thought to exist in cats and dogs but have not yet been identified. | | Infectious, viral and bacterial causes are thought to exist in cats and dogs but have not yet been identified. |
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| ==Signalment== | | ==Signalment== |
| Dogs are more commonly affected than cats due to their less selective eating habits. | | Dogs are more commonly affected than cats due to their less selective eating habits. |
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
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| ===Clinical Signs=== | | ===Clinical Signs=== |
− | Include acute vomiting (food, bile together with small amounts of blood may be present in the vomitus), anorexia, polydipsia, lethargy, depression and if severly affected dehydration. | + | Include acute vomiting (food, bile together with small amounts of blood may be present in the vomitus), anorexia, polydipsia, lethargy, depression and if severely affected dehydration. |
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| ===Abdominal Palpation=== | | ===Abdominal Palpation=== |
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| ===Laboratory Tests=== | | ===Laboratory Tests=== |
− | Clinical pathology such as haematology and biochemistry can be used to rule out conditions such as [[Uraemia|uraemia]],[[Diabetes Mellitus#Diabetic Ketoacidosis| diabetic ketoacidosis]], hypoadrenocorticism], hepatic disease, hypercalcaemia and [[Pancreatitis - Dog and Cat|pancreatitis]]. | + | Clinical pathology such as haematology and biochemistry can be used to rule out conditions such as [[Uraemia|uraemia]],[[Diabetes Mellitus#Diabetic Ketoacidosis| diabetic ketoacidosis]], hypoadrenocorticism], hepatic disease, hypercalcaemia and [[Pancreatitis|pancreatitis]]. |
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| ===Radiography=== | | ===Radiography=== |
| Abdominal radiographs may be taken if the animal is severely ill and to rule out other causes such as an alimentary foreign body or obstruction. | | Abdominal radiographs may be taken if the animal is severely ill and to rule out other causes such as an alimentary foreign body or obstruction. |
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| ===Endoscopy=== | | ===Endoscopy=== |
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| Many different techniques of treating acute gastritis have been described. In general, therapy is designed to rest the stomach by witholding food and maintaining the animal's fluid , electrolyte and acid/base balance. | | Many different techniques of treating acute gastritis have been described. In general, therapy is designed to rest the stomach by witholding food and maintaining the animal's fluid , electrolyte and acid/base balance. |
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| Witholding food and water for 24 hours is usually sufficient to control vomiting in combination with parenteral fluid therapy to avoid dehydration. | | Witholding food and water for 24 hours is usually sufficient to control vomiting in combination with parenteral fluid therapy to avoid dehydration. |
| Small amounts of a bland diet such as boiled chicken and potato can be offered once the animal has not vomited for at least 12 hours. | | Small amounts of a bland diet such as boiled chicken and potato can be offered once the animal has not vomited for at least 12 hours. |
| Gut protectants should be considered if the animal presents with haematemesis. Some examples of [[Gastroprotective Drugs|gastroprotective drugs]] include sucralfate which forms a protective barrier over the mucosal surface and also stimulates bicarbonate and mucus secretion and omeprazole which is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces gastric acid secretion. | | Gut protectants should be considered if the animal presents with haematemesis. Some examples of [[Gastroprotective Drugs|gastroprotective drugs]] include sucralfate which forms a protective barrier over the mucosal surface and also stimulates bicarbonate and mucus secretion and omeprazole which is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces gastric acid secretion. |
− | [[Emetics and Anti-Emetic Drugs#Anti-Emetics|Anti-emetics]] can be used but only if vomiting causing pain or if unsustainable fluid and electrolyte losses occur. | + | |
| + | [[Emetics and Anti-Emetic Drugs#Anti-Emetics|Anti-emetics]] can be used but only if vomiting is causing pain or if unsustainable fluid and electrolyte losses occur. |
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| ==Prognosis== | | ==Prognosis== |
| The prognosis is excellent if fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained. | | The prognosis is excellent if fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained. |
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| + | {{Learning |
| + | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis02679.asp, Acute gastritis] |
| + | |literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22gastritis%22%29+AND+title%3A%28acute%29&fq=sc%3A%22ve%22 Acute gastritis publications] |
| + | }} |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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| Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''' ''Merial'' | | Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''' ''Merial'' |
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− | [[Category:Stomach_and_Abomasum_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]] | + | |
− | [[Category:To_Do_-_Review]] | + | {{review}} |
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| + | [[Category:Stomach_and_Abomasum_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]] |
| + | [[Category:Expert_Review - Small Animal]][[Category:Gastric Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Gastric Diseases - Cat]] |