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− | {{review}} | + | {{Taxobox |
− | | + | |name =Giardia |
− | ==Recognition== | + | |kingdom =Protista |
− | [[Image:Giardia cysts.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia'' cysts from gerbil faecea - H.D.A. Lindquist, U.S. EPA]]
| + | |sub-kingdom =Biciliata |
− | [[Image:Giardia lamblia life cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia lamblia'' life cycle - Wikimedia Commons]] | + | |phylum =Metamonada |
| + | |super-class =Eopharyngea |
| + | |class =Trepomonadea |
| + | |sub-class =Diplozoa |
| + | |super-order = |
| + | |order =Giardiida |
| + | |sub-order = |
| + | |super-family = |
| + | |family =Diplomonadidae |
| + | |sub-family = |
| + | |genus =Giardia |
| + | |species = |
| + | }} |
| + | [[Image:Giardia lamblia life cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia lamblia life cycle'' - Wikimedia Commons]] |
| [[Image:Giardia lamblia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia lamblia'' - Janice Carr]] | | [[Image:Giardia lamblia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia lamblia'' - Janice Carr]] |
| [[Image:Giardia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]] | | [[Image:Giardia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]] |
| [[Image:Giardia cyst.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia'' cyst - Courtesy of the Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine]] | | [[Image:Giardia cyst.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Giardia'' cyst - Courtesy of the Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine]] |
− | *Flagellate protozoa
| + | ==Overview== |
| + | These protozoan parasite are found in humans as well as wild and domestic animals. They are a common cause of severe [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] as part of the clinical symptoms [[Giardiasis|giardiasis]]. |
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− | *Found in the intestine of humans
| + | ==Recognition== |
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− | *Associated with chronic [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]]
| + | ''Giardia spp.'' are flagellate protozoa with 8 flagella, 6 of which emerge from the body and are used in motility. They are 15-20μm long, pear shaped with a flat ventral surface. The most unique feature of this protozoa is the presence of a large adhesive disk in the flat surface that is used for attaching to the intestinal mucosa. |
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− | *Found in both wild and domestic animals
| + | ==Life Cycle== |
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− | *15-20μm long
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− | *Pear-shaped
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− | *8 flagella
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− | **6 flagellae are free
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− | *Large adhesive discs to hold onto intestinal mucosa
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− |
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− | ==Life Cycle==
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| *Simple and direct | | *Simple and direct |
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| ***Some subspecies are zoonotic | | ***Some subspecies are zoonotic |
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− | ==Diagnosis== | + | {{Learning |
| + | |flashcards = [[Giardia_Flashcards|Giardia Flashcards]] |
| + | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=protozoa Protozoa] |
| + | }} |
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− | *Faecal examination
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− | **Cysts need to be distinguished from pollen grains and yeasts
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− | *Cyst excretion is intermittent
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− | **Faeces need to be collected over a 3 day period
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− | *Cysts are '''heavy'''
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− | **Needs higher density flotation fluids
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− | **Do not float well in saturated sodium chloride solution
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− |
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− | *Immunoassays
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− | **Detect cyst antigen in faeces
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− | ==Control and Treatment==
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− | *Sanitation and hygiene
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− | **Minimise risk of human infection
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− | *Boil (or sterilise through other means) drinking water in regions of the world where drinking water may be contaminated
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− | *Avoid uncooked foodstuffs
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− | **Contaminated by washing
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− | *[[Ectoparasiticides|Drug Treatments]]
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− | **Metronidazole
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− | ***Flagyl, Torgyl
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− | **Fenbendazole
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− | ***Panacur
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− | *[[Vaccines - WikiBlood|Vaccination]]
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− | **Killed trophozoites
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− | **Available in the USA for cats and dogs
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− | **Decreases the excretion and viability of cysts
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− | **Decreases environmental pressure
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− |
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− | <big>'''[[Giardia Flashcards]]</big>
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| + | {{unfinished}} |
| [[Category:Miscellaneous_Protozoa]] | | [[Category:Miscellaneous_Protozoa]] |
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| [[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]] | | [[Category:To_Do_-_Parasites]] |