Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

The gizzard is also referred to as the muscular stomach or ventriculus. It is connected by the isthmus to the [[The Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]] and to the [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]].

The gizzard is also referred to as the muscular stomach or ventriculus. It is connected by the isthmus to the [[Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]] and to the [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]].

==Structure and Function==

==Structure and Function==

*[[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|Duodenum]] and [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]] lies in its caudal right surface

*[[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|Duodenum]] and [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]] lies in its caudal right surface

*More caudal than the [[The Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]]

*More caudal than the [[Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]]

*Roughly on the midline of the bird

*Roughly on the midline of the bird

*Interior elongated by cranial and caudal blind sacs

*Interior elongated by cranial and caudal blind sacs

*Cranial blind sac contacts [[The Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]]

*Cranial blind sac contacts [[Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]]

*Pylorus on right surface next to cranial blind sac

*Pylorus on right surface next to cranial blind sac

*When the thin muscles of the gizzard contract, food passes from the gizzard into the [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]

*When the thin muscles of the gizzard contract, food passes from the gizzard into the [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]

*When the thick muscles of the gizzard contract, food moves back into the [[The Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]]

*When the thick muscles of the gizzard contract, food moves back into the [[Proventriculus - Anatomy & Physiology|proventriculus]]

[[Image:Gizzard Histology.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Gizzard Histology- Dr. Thomas Caceci]]

[[Image:Gizzard Histology.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Gizzard Histology- Dr. Thomas Caceci]]