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Also known as: '''''Lipid Mobilisation Syndrome '''''

Also known as: '''''Lipid Mobilisation Syndrome '''''

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

Hepatic lipidosis describes a syndrome caused by derangements in lipid and protein metabolism. It occurs in both cats and dogs but produces a more important clinical syndrome in cats. Similar phenomena occur in [[Hyperlipaemia - Horse|horses]], [[Hyperlipaemia - Donkey|donkeys]], [[Fatty Liver Syndrome|cattle]] and [[Pregnancy Toxaemia|sheep]] when they are exposed to periods of metabolic stress. Hepatic lipidosis may be '''primary''' (or idiopathic) or it may be '''secondary''' to another disease.  

Hepatic lipidosis describes a syndrome caused by derangements in lipid and protein metabolism. It occurs in cats, dogs and chelonia but produces a more important clinical syndrome in cats. Similar phenomena occur in [[Hyperlipaemia - Horse|horses]], [[Hyperlipaemia - Donkey|donkeys]], [[Fatty Liver Syndrome|cattle]] and [[Pregnancy Toxaemia|sheep]] when they are exposed to periods of metabolic stress. Hepatic lipidosis may be '''primary''' (or idiopathic) or it may be '''secondary''' to another disease.  

=== Primary Lipidosis ===

=== Primary Lipidosis ===

=== Secondary Lipidosis ===

=== Secondary Lipidosis ===

'''Secondary hepatic lipidosis''' is a neuroendocrine response to other diseases, including [[Pancreatitis|pancreatitis]], [[Diabetes Mellitus|diabetes mellitus]], [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease|inflammatory bowel disease]] and primary hypertriglyceridaemia. Secondary hepatic lipidosis is therefore less closely associated with obesity and it may be seen in normal or even thin cats. In dogs, this secondary lipid accumulation rarely contributes to the clinical syndrome but in cats, it may greatly exacerbate the disease suffered by the affected animal. ''Secondary lipidosis is much more common than primary in cats in the UK. ''

'''Secondary hepatic lipidosis''' is a neuroendocrine response to other diseases, including [[Pancreatitis|pancreatitis]], [[Diabetes Mellitus|diabetes mellitus]], [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease|inflammatory bowel disease]] and primary hypertriglyceridaemia. Secondary hepatic lipidosis is therefore less closely associated with obesity and it may be seen in normal or even thin cats. In dogs, this secondary lipid accumulation rarely contributes to the clinical syndrome but in cats, it may greatly exacerbate the disease suffered by the affected animal. ''Secondary lipidosis is much more common than primary in cats in the UK. ''  

== Signalment ==

== Signalment ==

Indoor and obese cats are more prone to the development of primary hepatic lipidosis during periods of stress or anorexia. Most cases occur in middle-aged cats with no apparent breed predisposition.  

Indoor and obese cats are more prone to the development of primary hepatic lipidosis during periods of stress or anorexia. Most cases occur in middle-aged cats with no apparent breed predisposition.  

== Clinical Signs ==

== Clinical Signs ==

Histopathology:

Histopathology:

Fine needle aspiration of the liver (preferably under ultrasound guidance) is often sufficient to make a diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis. Cytological examination of the sample reveals that the hepatocytes are swollen with lipid which pushes the nuclei aside. Where possible, biopsy of liver tissue and aspiration of bile are indicated to determine the underlying cause of the disease.  

Fine needle aspiration of the liver (preferably under ultrasound guidance) is often sufficient to make a diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis. Cytological examination of the sample reveals that the hepatocytes are swollen with lipid ([[Hydropic Degeneration|cytoplasmic vacuoles]]) which pushes the nuclei aside. Where possible, biopsy of liver tissue and aspiration of bile are indicated to determine the underlying cause of the disease.

== Treatment ==

== Treatment ==

This is dependent on the underlying cause and the way in which the patient is managed. If treated appropriately, 85% of severely affected animals will recover. In cats this percentage is only around 50%.

This is dependent on the underlying cause and the way in which the patient is managed. If treated appropriately, 85% of severely affected animals will recover. In cats this percentage is only around 50%.

 

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<big>See also:  

See also:  

:'''Hyperlipaemia''' in [[Hyperlipaemia - Horse|'''horses''']] and [[Hyperlipaemia - Donkey|'''donkeys''']]

:'''Hyperlipaemia''' in [[Hyperlipaemia - Horse|'''horses''']] and [[Hyperlipaemia - Donkey|'''donkeys''']]

:'''[[Fatty Liver Syndrome]]''' in '''cattle'''

:'''[[Fatty Liver Syndrome]]''' in '''cattle'''

:'''[[White Liver Disease - Sheep|White liver disease]]''' and '''[[Pregnancy Toxaemia|pregnancy toxaemia]]''' in '''sheep'''  

:'''[[White Liver Disease - Sheep|White liver disease]]''' and '''[[Pregnancy Toxaemia|pregnancy toxaemia]]''' in '''sheep'''  

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== Test yourself with the Liver Pathology Flashcards ==

|flashcards = [[Liver Flashcards - Pathology|Liver Pathology Flashcards]]

[[Liver Flashcards - Pathology|Liver Pathology Flashcards]]  

[[Small Animal Abdominal and Metabolic Disorders Q&A 09]]

|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/felis/Content/Disease/dis01105.asp Hepatic lipidosis]

== References ==

== References ==

[[Category:Liver_-_Degenerative_Pathology]] [[Category:Liver_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Expert_Review]] [[Category:Liver_Diseases_-_Dog]]

[[Category:Liver_-_Degenerative_Pathology]] [[Category:Liver_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Expert_Review]] [[Category:Liver_Diseases_-_Dog]]