Host invasion by microorganisms

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IMMUNOLOGY


Introduction

One of the main causes of disease is infection by microorganisms, with four types so far identified:

  • Viruses
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Parasites- comprising protozoa and helminths

All exist as either:

  • Primary pathogens (obligate): presence always corresponds with disease
  • Secondary (opportunistic): prerequisites must be fulfilled before disease occurs

Microorganisms can enter the body by three routes:

  • Contact: typically seen in dermatological infections
  • Aerosol: typically respiratory infections
  • Orofecal:typically enteric infections


Viruses

Bacteria

Parasites

References

  • Murphy, K., Travers, P. and Walport, M. (2008) Janeway's Immunobiology. 7th ed. New York: Garland Science Publishing.