Difference between revisions of "How Pet Food is Regulated - Nutrition"

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== Introduction ==
 
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== Europe ==
 
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== USA ==
 
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== Pet Food Industry Associations ==
 
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== Dog and Cat Nutritional Guidelines ==
 
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=== National Research Council (NRC) Publications ===
 
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[[File:Nutritional Requirements Dogs and Cat.jpeg|200px|right|thumb|Front cover of the NRC publication: Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and cats]]
 
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The NRC was established by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916<ref name="NRC">National Research Council. '''''Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats'''''. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2006.</ref>.  It is not part of the United States government and is not an enforcement agency, but was expressly commissioned to provide advice to the U.S. government on scientific and technical matters. The activities of the NRC Committee on animal nutrition include the development of nutrient requirement standards for domestic and laboratory animals such as the Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats 2006, written by the ad hoc Committee on dog and cat nutrition. The 2006 NRC publication provides a thorough review of the scientific literature and makes recommendations for both the minimum requirement and safe upper limit of intake of nutrients in healthy dogs and cats. Although the 2006 edition has added values of recommended allowances, nutrient availability and digestibility of pet foods processed with typical ingredients may still differ. While the publication is not used directly to establish regulatory standards for commercial pet foods, the recommendations contained in the NRC Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats are considered by other organizations charged with that task (e.g., FEDIAF, AAFCO). It is an important source of research information on small animal nutrition, and is cited frequently in the scientific literature.
 
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===[http://www.fediaf.org/self-regulation/nutrition/ FEDIAF Nutrition Guidelines for Complete and Complementary Pet Food for Cats and Dogs] ===
 
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The Nutritional and Analytical Sciences Working Group of FEDIAF developed nutritional guidelines for cats and dogs, which are updated as soon as new scientific data become available. The objective is to provide practical nutrient recommendations for pet food manufacturers when formulating products for healthy dogs and cats during adulthood, growth and reproduction, and to be the reference document on pet nutrition in Europe for EU and local authorities, consumer organisations, professionals, and customers. The guidelines use NRC recommendations and studies published by internationally recognized nutritionists, veterinarians and other researchers. AAFCO official publications are also taken in consideration. The nutrient levels take into account the (lower) energy requirements of household pets and, where possible, availability data from practical pet foods. The FEDIAF Nutritional and Analytical Sciences Working Group cooperates with a Scientific Advisory Board of 10 leading nutritionists from different European universities.
 
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=== Official Publication of the [http://www.aafco.org/ Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO)] ===
 
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In 1990 and 1991, AAFCO established the Canine Nutrition Expert (CNE) and Feline Nutrition Expert (FNE) subcommittees<ref name="Roudebush">Roudebush P, Dzanis DA, Debraekeleer J, Watson H. '''''Chapter 9. Pet Food Labels. In: Small Animal Clinical Nutrition''''' 5th edition, MS Hand, CD Thatcher, RL Remillard, P Roudebush, BJ Novotny, edits. M. Morris Institute Topeka, KS, USA 2010; 191-206</ref>. The CNE and FNE subcommittees were charged with updating practical nutrient profiles for both dog and cat foods based on commonly used ingredients<ref name="AAFCO1">Association of American Feed Control Officials. '''''Official Publication 2015'''''.</ref>. The profiles are updated periodically, the last revision occurring in 2016. Under the AAFCO model regulations, meeting the AAFCO Dog and Cat Food Nutrient Profiles is one basis for substantiation of nutritional adequacy (complete and balanced) of a product for the designated life stage<ref name="AAFCO1"/>.  The alternative means of ensuring nutritional adequacy of a food is either to perform feeding trials according to standardized feed testing methodology developed by AAFCO, or to formulate the product to meet the criteria as a member of a product family, i.e., a group of similar products whose lead member was demonstrated to be complete and balanced  through passage of a feeding trial. All products sold as "complete and balanced" in the U.S.A. must substantiate nutritional adequacy through one of these methods, as no other nutritional authorities are recognized.  Those that do not and are not prominently identified as a "snack," "treat" or "supplement" must bear the statement "This product is intended for intermittent or supplemental feeding only."
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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*Website of the European Union: http://ec.europa.eu March 2016.
 
*Website of the European Union: http://ec.europa.eu March 2016.
 
*Commission Directive 2008/38/EC of 5 March 2008 establishing a list of intended uses of animal feedingstuffs for particular nutritional purposes. OJ. L 62, 06 March 2008 p. 9-22.
 
*Commission Directive 2008/38/EC of 5 March 2008 establishing a list of intended uses of animal feedingstuffs for particular nutritional purposes. OJ. L 62, 06 March 2008 p. 9-22.
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[[Category:To Do - Nutrition]]
 

Revision as of 10:11, 7 May 2017



How Pet Food is Regulated
This section is part of Pet Food

Pet food in developed countries is regulated at every stage, from the ingredients used, through the production process and through to marketing and sales. Much of the legislation applies to pet food in the same way as it does to other product categories like, for instance, human food. Often more specific regulations cover both farm feed and pet food with specific legal provisions that are only applicable to pet food. Additionally, the pet food industry within a country can be self-regulated through a series of industry Codes or Guidelines that provide detailed rules for practical implementation of legislation or establish rules in fields that are not regulated by law. The objectives of legislation and self-regulation are to ensure that pet food products fulfil the nutritional need of pets, are safe for both animals and people, and that the information to consumers is accurate and truthful. Wherever pet food is manufactured, it has to meet legal requirements established by the country or region in which it is sold. The following sections describe the way pet food is regulated in the European Union and in the United States. Pet food provisions also exist in many other countries around the world.


Section Content:

Regulation of Pet Food in Europe
Regulation of Pet Food in the USA
Pet Food Industry Associations
Dog and Cat Nutritional Guidelines


[[Image:|300px|center]]



This article was:
Written by Dr. Jacques Debraekeleer
Edited by Dr. David A. Dzanis, Dr. Sarah K. Abood and Professor Dan Chan

Date reviewed: April 2017




References


  • Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 of 25 February 2011 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down health rules as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for human consumption and implementing Council Directive 97/78/EC as regards certain samples and items exempt from veterinary checks at the border under that Directive OJ L 54, 26.02.2011, p. 1-254.
  • Directive 2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 May 2002 on undesirable substances in animal feed - Council statement OJ L140, 30/05/2002, p. 10-22.
  • Dzanis DA. Are you ready for FSMA? The final rule has been published - is your company prepared for the changes? Pet Food Industry.com, October 12, 2015.
  • Dzanis DA. Understanding regulations affecting pet foods. Top Companion Anim. Med. 2008; 23 (3): 117-120.
  • FDA website: http://www.fda.gov March 2016
  • FEDIAF website: www.fediaf.org
  • National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2006.
  • Pet Food Institute—Fact Sheet 1994. Veterinary Clinical Nutrition 1994; 1: 30-38.
  • Phillips-Donaldson D. 6 things you need to know about FSMA pet food safety rule. - The FSMA animal feed preventive control rule goes into effect November 17. Pet Food Industry.com, October 9, 2015.
  • Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition. OJ. L 268, 18/10/2003 p. 29-43.
  • USDA Website: http://www.usda.gov March 2016.
  • Website of EFSA: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/ March 2016.
  • Website of the European Union: http://ec.europa.eu March 2016.
  • Commission Directive 2008/38/EC of 5 March 2008 establishing a list of intended uses of animal feedingstuffs for particular nutritional purposes. OJ. L 62, 06 March 2008 p. 9-22.
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