Difference between revisions of "Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology"

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<big><center>[[Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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<big><center>[[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
 
 
 
<big><center>[[Anatomy and Physiology|'''BACK TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
 
 
 
 
==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
  
The hyoid apparatus holds the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] in place and supports the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] from the skull.
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The hyoid apparatus holds the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] in place and supports the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] from the skull. It is made up of 5 different bones, which vary in length and size depending on the species.
 
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[[Image:Hyoid Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Hyoid Apparatus in situ - Copyright Nottingham]]
It is made up of 5 different bones which vary in length and size depending on the species.
 
  
 
==Structure and Function==
 
==Structure and Function==
  
*Attached to the temporal region of the skull by a synchondrosis
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It is attached to the temporal region of the skull by a [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Cartilaginous Joints|synchondrosis joint]]. It is palpable through the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and is visible when the pharynx is viewed through the mouth. The basihyoid is palpable within the intermandibular space.
  
*Palpable through [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]]
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The '''sternohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid caudally and the '''geniohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid rostrally.
  
*Visible when the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] is viewed through the mouth
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[[Image:Hyoid Bones.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Hyoid Apparatus Drawing - Copyright nabrown]]
  
*Basihyoid is palpable within the intermandibular space
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==The hyoid bones==
  
*Sternohyoid muscle pulls hyoid caudally
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'''1. Basihyoid''' - Unpaired bone.
  
*Geniohyoid muscle pulls hyoid rostrally
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'''2. Stylohyoid''' - Articulates with base of skull at the petrus temporal. A paired bone.
[[Image:Hyoid Bones.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Hyoid Apparatus Drawing - Copyright nabrown]]
 
===The hyoid bones===
 
  
*Basihyoid
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'''3. Epihyoid''' - A paired bone.
**Lingual process present in some species which protrudes into the roof of the [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]]
 
  
*Stylohyoid
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'''4. Keratohyoid''' - A paired bone.
**Articulates with base of skull at petrus temporal
 
**Articulates with [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Cartilage|thyroid cartilage]] of [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]
 
  
*Epihyoid
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'''5. Thyrohyoid''' - Articulates with the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Cartilage|thyroid cartilage]] of the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]. A paired bone.
  
*Keratohyoid
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==Species Differences==
  
*Thyrohyoid
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[[Image:Canine Hyoid.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Canine hyoid apparatus - Copyright Nottingham]]
  
==Species Differences==
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===Carnivores===
  
===Carnivores===
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Stylohyoid bones are not palpable.
*Stylohyoid bones not palpable
 
  
 
===Equine===
 
===Equine===
*Epihyoid small
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Epihyoid is small, the lingual process is present and they have a well developed stylohyoid muscle.
  
 
===Ruminants===
 
===Ruminants===
*Lingual process present  
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Lingual process is present.
  
 
===Porcine===
 
===Porcine===
*Lingual process present
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Lingual process is present.
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{{Template:Learning
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|flashcards = [[Hyoid Apparatus - Musculoskeletal - Flashcards|Hyoid apparatus anatomy]]
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|videos = [[Video: Ventral muscles of the head potcast|Ventral muscles of the head potcast]]<br>[[Video: Hyoid apparatus potcast|Hyoid apparatus potcast]]
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}}
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==Webinars==
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<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/gastroenterology-and-nutrition/webinars/feed</rss>
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[[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
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[[Category:A&P Done]]

Latest revision as of 17:31, 7 November 2022


Introduction

The hyoid apparatus holds the larynx in place and supports the pharynx and tongue from the skull. It is made up of 5 different bones, which vary in length and size depending on the species.

Hyoid Apparatus in situ - Copyright Nottingham

Structure and Function

It is attached to the temporal region of the skull by a synchondrosis joint. It is palpable through the pharynx and is visible when the pharynx is viewed through the mouth. The basihyoid is palpable within the intermandibular space.

The sternohyoid muscle pulls the hyoid caudally and the geniohyoid muscle pulls the hyoid rostrally.

Hyoid Apparatus Drawing - Copyright nabrown

The hyoid bones

1. Basihyoid - Unpaired bone.

2. Stylohyoid - Articulates with base of skull at the petrus temporal. A paired bone.

3. Epihyoid - A paired bone.

4. Keratohyoid - A paired bone.

5. Thyrohyoid - Articulates with the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. A paired bone.

Species Differences

Canine hyoid apparatus - Copyright Nottingham

Carnivores

Stylohyoid bones are not palpable.

Equine

Epihyoid is small, the lingual process is present and they have a well developed stylohyoid muscle.

Ruminants

Lingual process is present.

Porcine

Lingual process is present.


Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology Learning Resources
FlashcardsFlashcards logo.png
Flashcards
Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions
Hyoid apparatus anatomy
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Videos
Selection of relevant videos
Ventral muscles of the head potcast
Hyoid apparatus potcast



Webinars

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