Difference between revisions of "Insecta Flashcards"

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Revision as of 14:06, 30 November 2008

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INSECTA
WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS



Insecta

Question Answer Article
Fill in the missing words about the insect body The outer layer of the exoskeleton is called the epicuticle which is made of protein and covered by a waxy layer. The inner layers of the exoskeleton are called the endocuticle and the exocuticle which are made of protein and chitin Link to Answer Article
What are halteres?
  • Reduced pair of wings
  • Used for balance
  • Possessed by diperan flies
Link to Answer Article
What are spiracles?
  • Chitinous openings
  • On the side of the body
  • Under muscular control so can open and close at will
  • Mounted on stimatic plates
  • Leads to trachea
  • Can be used for species identification
Link to Answer Article
What is the name of the general insect body system?
  • Haemocoele
Link to Answer Article
What are oviparous insects?
  • Lay eggs outside of the body which hatch after deposition
Link to Answer Article
What are viviparous insects?
  • Lay larvae or nymphs
  • Eggs rupture in female reproductive system
Link to Answer Article
Summarise simple metamorphosis and give an example of a species of insect which uses it
  • Nymph emerges from egg
  • Nymph grows and moults
  • Nymph becomes an adult
  • Lice
Link to Answer Article
Summarise complex metamorphosis and give an example of a species of insect which uses it
  • Larva emerges from egg
  • Larva grows and moults
  • Larva pupates
  • Adult emerges from pupa
  • Flies
Link to Answer Article

Fleas

Question Answer Article
What is the most common species of flea which infects cats and dogs?
  • Ctenocephalides felis
  • Cat flea
Link to Answer Article
Which flea only has pronotal combs?
  • Ceratophyllus gallinae
  • Poultry flea
Link to Answer Article
What are the key features of Pulex irritans?
  • No combs
  • Head rounded anteriorly
Link to Answer Article
How is the life cycle of Spilopsyllus cuniculi scynchronised with their main hosts the rabbit?
  • Shortly before the doe gives birth the adult fleas attach to the ears of the rabbit and feed producing a lot of faeces
  • After parturition the adult fleas move onto the kittens where they feed, mate and lay eggs
  • The new adult fleas emerge from the pupa before the kittens leave the nest
Link to Answer Article
How long do adult fleas live?
  • 7-10 days
Link to Answer Article
What do flea eggs look like?
  • Ivory-white
  • Oval shaped
  • 0.5mm long
Link to Answer Article
Which life cycle stage is negatively phototropic and what does this mean?
  • Larvae
  • Crawl away from light sources
Link to Answer Article
What is the name of the flea juvenile hormone?
  • Methoprene
Link to Answer Article

Lice

Question Answer Article
What are the characteristics of chewing lice?
  • Broad head
  • Rasping mouthparts
  • Thorax narrower than head
Link to Answer Article
True or False: Chewing lice are found on both mammals and birds?
  • True
  • Occurs on both mammals and birds
Link to Answer Article
What are the characteristics of sucking lice?
  • Narrow head
  • Piercing mouthparts
  • Thorax wider than head
  • Powerful legs
Link to Answer Article
True or False: Sucking lice are found on both mammals and birds?
  • False
  • Occurs on mammals only
Link to Answer Article
How long does the louse life cycle take?
  • 2-3 weeks
Link to Answer Article
What is the name of the generalised condition lice cause?
  • Pediculosis
Link to Answer Article
Which species is affected by only sucking lice?
  • Pigs
Link to Answer Article
Are birds affected by sucking or chewing lice?
  • Chewing
Link to Answer Article
True or False: Mallophaga are more susceptible to systemic insecticides than Alloplura?
  • False
  • Anopleura lice are more susceptible to systemic insecticide treatment
Link to Answer Article

Nuisance Flies

Question Answer Article
What are the two Muscidae species of veterinary importance?
  • Hydrotaea irritans
    • Head fly
  • Musca spp.
    • Face and house flies
Link to Answer Article
What is the main difference between biting and nuisance flies?
  • Nuisance flies have sponge-like labellum mouthparts
  • Biting flies have pointed mouthparts for sucking blood
Link to Answer Article
How do Musca spp. cause production losses?
  • Fly worry
  • Reduced weight gain
  • Reduced milk yield
Link to Answer Article
Give some examples of disease Musca' spp. transmit
  • Viruses
    • E.g. Enteroviridae
  • Bacteria
    • E.g. Anthrax
  • Helminths
    • E.g. Habronema
Link to Answer Article
True or False: H. irritans larvae undergo diapause?
  • True
  • Larvae undergo diapause and pupate in spring
Link to Answer Article
What problems can H. irritans cause in livestock?
  • Summer mastitis in cattle
  • Broken Head in sheep
  • Can increase the incidence of secondary blowfly stirke
Link to Answer Article

Biting Flies

Question Answer Article
Is Stomoxys calcitrans a visiting or resident biting fly?
  • Visiting
Link to Answer Article
What are the main recognisable features of Stomoxys calcitrans?
  • Forward pointing proboscis
  • Grey colouring
  • Grey stripes on thorax and black spots on abdomen
  • Clear wings
Link to Answer Article
How do Stomoxys calcitrans cause production losses?
  • Decrease milk production
  • Decrease weight gain
  • Cause fly worry
Link to Answer Article
Which retrovirus is Stomoxys calcitrans a vector for?
  • Equine infectious anaemia
Link to Answer Article
What is Haematoba irritans more commonly known as?
  • The horn fly
Link to Answer Article
Why is Haematoba irritans easier to control than visiting biting flies?
  • Is a resident fly
  • Spends more time in contact with the host
Link to Answer Article
What are the three most important species of Tabanidae?
  • Tabanus
  • Chrysops
  • Haematopota
Link to Answer Article
How could you identify Tabanidae species solely on looking at their wing venation?
  • Closed discal cell wing venation
Link to Answer Article
Why do Simuliidae species have a hump-backed appearance?
  • Arched thorax produced a hump-backed appearance
Link to Answer Article
Why is the life cycle of Simuliidae species?
  • Eggs laid on plants or stones under flowing water
  • Larvae attach to submerged rocks and pupate
  • Conical shaped cocoon
  • Adults emerge en masse
  • Life cycle takes one month to complete
Link to Answer Article
What are Glossinidae species more commonly known as and which trypanosomal disease do they transmit to humans?
  • Tsetse flies
  • Sleeping sickness
Link to Answer Article
Why are Ceratopogonidae species a problem to livestock
  • Causes sweet-itch in horses
  • Are vectors for blue tongue
  • Vectors for parasites such as Onchocerca in cattle
  • Cause skin infections in livestock
Link to Answer Article
What are Culicidae species better known as?
  • Mosquitos
Link to Answer Article
True or False: Both male and female Culicidae suck blood?
  • False
  • Only female mosquitos suck blood
Link to Answer Article
What are Psychodidae the main vectors for?
  • Leishmaniasis
Link to Answer Article
What are Hippobosca more commonly known as?
  • Forest flies
Link to Answer Article
What are Melophagus more commonly known as?
  • Sheep ked
Link to Answer Article
What are the main recognisable features of Melophagus species?
  • Hairy
  • Reddish-brown colouring
  • Forward pointing proboscis
  • Narrown head
  • Dorso-ventrally flattened
  • Wingless
Link to Answer Article
Are Melophagus species resident or visiting flies?
  • Resident
  • Spend the entire life cycle on the host
Link to Answer Article

Myiasis Producing Flies

Question Answer Article
What is myiasis?
  • The parasitism of living animals by dipteran larvae
Link to Answer Article
Are Oestridae species obligatory or facultative parasites?
  • Obligatory
Link to Answer Article
What are Hypoderma species more commonly known as and what do they look like?
  • Warble flies
  • Look like bumble bees
    • Yellow abdomen
    • Band of black hairs
Link to Answer Article
Where in the body are the winter resting sites of Hypoderma species?
  • Epidural fat in the spinal canal for H. bovis
  • Wall of the oesophagus for H. lineatum
Link to Answer Article
How many generations of warble flies are there per year?
  • One
Link to Answer Article
Why are warble flies a problem?
  • Cause production losses
  • Cause myositis
  • Causes paraplegia
Link to Answer Article
What are Oestrus ovis species also known as?
  • Sheep nasal bot flies
Link to Answer Article
How are the Oestrus ovis larvae distinguished?
  • Distinct black bands on each body segment
Link to Answer Article
If Oestrus ovis larvae are deposited in late summer, where in the sheep can they overwinter?
  • In the nasal cavity
Link to Answer Article
True or False: Oestrus ovis larvae cause true gid in sheep?
  • False
  • Larvae cause false gid
Link to Answer Article
What are the three main species of Gasterophilus in the UK, also known as the horse bot fly?
  • G. intestinalis
  • G. nasalis
  • G. haemorrhoidalis
Link to Answer Article
Where does Gasterophilus species lay their eggs on the horse?
  • G. intestinalis lays its eggs in the hair around the shoulders and fore legs
  • G. nasalis lays its eggs in the intermandibular area
  • G. haemorrhoidalis lays its eggs around the lips
Link to Answer Article
What are the Gasterophilus larvae called once they have attached to the gastric mucosa?
  • Bots
Link to Answer Article
Where do Dermatobia hominis lay their eggs?
  • On blood sucking flies
Link to Answer Article
How long is the life cycle of Dermatobia hominis?
  • 4 months
Link to Answer Article
Are Calliphoridae species obligatory or facultative parsites?
  • Facultative
Link to Answer Article
What is the name of the condition caused by Calliphoridae?
  • Blowfly strike
  • If the fly lays eggs on an animal, the animal is said to be blown
  • The damage the larvae causes to the animal is known as strike
Link to Answer Article
Where are blowfly eggs laid on an animal?
  • On soiled fleece
  • On carrion
  • In wounds
Link to Answer Article
How many generations of blowflies develop per year?
  • Up to 4 per year in temperate climates
  • Up to 10 per year in warmer climates
Link to Answer Article
What factors influence the prevalence of blowfly strike?
  • Temperature
  • Rainfall
  • Host suceptibility
Link to Answer Article
What are the recognisable features of Wohlfahrtia species?
  • Pale grey colouring
  • Black striped on thorax and black spots on abdomen
Link to Answer Article