Changes

Also known as: '''''Autonomic Polyganglioneuropathy — Feline Dysautonomia

Also known as: '''''Autonomic Polyganglioneuropathy — Feline Dysautonomia

The syndrome has occurred as outbreaks<ref>Cave TA, Knottenbelt C, Mellor DJ, Nunn F, Nart P, Reid SW '''Outbreak of dysautonomia (Key-Gaskell syndrome) in a closed colony of pet cats.''' ''Vet Rec. 2003 Sep 27;153(13):387-92.''</ref> in the past in the UK, continental Europe and occasionally in the USA. It was first described by Key and Gaskell as a 'puzzling syndrome' causing pupillary dilatation in cats at the start of a major outbreak in the UK in 1982<ref>Key TJ, Gaskell CJ. '''Puzzling syndrome in cats associated with pupillary dilatation.''' ''Vet Rec. 1982 Feb 13;110(7):160.''</ref>. It is currently described only sporadically but recent reports suggest that the incidence of the disease may be increasing again.

The syndrome has occurred as outbreaks<ref>Cave TA, Knottenbelt C, Mellor DJ, Nunn F, Nart P, Reid SW '''Outbreak of dysautonomia (Key-Gaskell syndrome) in a closed colony of pet cats.''' ''Vet Rec. 2003 Sep 27;153(13):387-92.''</ref> in the past in the UK, continental Europe and occasionally in the USA. It was first described by Key and Gaskell as a 'puzzling syndrome' causing pupillary dilatation in cats at the start of a major outbreak in the UK in 1982<ref>Key TJ, Gaskell CJ. '''Puzzling syndrome in cats associated with pupillary dilatation.''' ''Vet Rec. 1982 Feb 13;110(7):160.''</ref>. It is currently described only sporadically but recent reports suggest that the incidence of the disease may be increasing again.

The cause of the dysautonomia is not known but numerous factors have been implicated and it is generally thought to occur after exposure to a toxin, possibly in dry food or vaccines. As with grass sickness, it has also been suggested that toxins produced by ''[[Clostridium botulinum]]'' may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and a recent study showed that cats with the disease developed significantly higher titres of IgA antibody to botulinum toxins C and D than healthy controls<ref>Nunn F, Cave TA, Knottenbelt C, Poxton IR. '''Association between Key-Gaskell syndrome and infection by Clostridium botulinum type C/D.''' ''Vet Rec. 2004 Jul 24;155(4):111-5.''</ref>.  Whatever the cause, degenerative lesions develop in the autonomic ganglia, intermedio-lateral columns of spinal grey matter and in the axons of the sympathetic neurones.

The cause of the dysautonomia is not known but numerous factors have been implicated and it is generally thought to occur after exposure to a toxin, possibly in dry food or vaccines [?reference]. As with grass sickness, it has also been suggested that toxins produced by ''[[Clostridium botulinum]]'' may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and a recent study showed that cats with the disease developed significantly higher titres of IgA antibody to botulinum toxins C and D than healthy controls<ref>Nunn F, Cave TA, Knottenbelt C, Poxton IR. '''Association between Key-Gaskell syndrome and infection by Clostridium botulinum type C/D.''' ''Vet Rec. 2004 Jul 24;155(4):111-5.''</ref>.  Whatever the cause, degenerative lesions develop in the autonomic ganglia, intermedio-lateral columns of spinal grey matter and in the axons of the sympathetic neurones.

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

The prognosis is guarded or poor. Recovery rates in the cat are reported as 20-40% but it may take 2-12 months for the patient to recover fully. In the dog, recovery rates are lower. Even after making an apparent recovery, many animals are left with residual neurological deficits including intermittent regurgitation.

The prognosis is guarded or poor. Recovery rates in the cat are reported as 20-40% but it may take 2-12 months for the patient to recover fully. In the dog, recovery rates are lower. Even after making an apparent recovery, many animals are left with residual neurological deficits including intermittent regurgitation.

==Literature Search==

[[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]

|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis60161.asp, Canine dysautonomia]<br>[https://www.vetstream.com/felis/Content/Disease/dis60161.asp, Feline dysautonomia]

 

|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28title%3A%28%22Key+Gaskell%22%29+OR+title%3A%28dysatonomia%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Autonomic+Polyganglioneuropathy%22%29%29+AND+%28od%3A%28cats%29+OR+od%3A%28dogs%29%29 Key-Gaskell Syndrome in cats and dogs publications]

 

<br><br><br>

[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28title%3A%28%22Key+Gaskell%22%29+OR+title%3A%28dysatonomia%29+OR+title%3A%28%22Autonomic+Polyganglioneuropathy%22%29%29+AND+%28od%3A%28cats%29+OR+od%3A%28dogs%29%29 Key-Gaskell Syndrome in cats and dogs publications]

==References==

==References==

[[Category:Oesophagus_-_Pathology]]

[[Category:Oesophagus_-_Pathology]]

[[Category:Cat]]

[[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Oesophageal Diseases - Cat]]

[[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Oesophageal Diseases - Dog]]

[[Category:Intestine_-_Functional_Obstruction]]

[[Category:Intestine_-_Functional_Obstruction]]

[[Category:Dog]][[Category:ExpertReview]]

[[Category:Peripheral Nervous System - Pathology]]

[[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]]