Difference between revisions of "Materno-fetal Immunity Flashcards"
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− | + | ===Passive Transfer and Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)=== | |
− | | | + | <FlashCard questions="10"> |
− | | | + | |q1=How can antibodies be transferred between individuals? |
− | | | + | |a1= |
− | | | + | *Colostrum |
− | | | + | *Crossing of the placenta |
− | | | + | *Milk |
− | + | *Vaccination | |
− | + | *Plasma transfusions | |
− | == | + | |l1=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction |
− | + | |q2=Why do neonates require maternal antibodies? | |
− | + | |a2= | |
− | + | *Immunocompromised at birth due to a poorly developed immune system | |
− | + | *Mucosal surfaces are particularly vunerable | |
− | | | + | *Colostral and milk antibodies protect neonates from infection |
− | | | + | |l2=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction |
− | ||< | + | |q3=In which animals is there no passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta? |
− | * | + | |a3= |
− | * | + | *Ruminants |
− | * | + | *Horses |
− | || | + | *Pigs |
− | + | |l3=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction | |
− | <br> | + | |q4=What type of placenta do dogs and cats have? |
− | <br> | + | |a4=Endotheliochorial |
− | + | |l4=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction | |
− | + | |q5=What does colostrum contain? | |
+ | |a5= | ||
+ | *Immune factors | ||
+ | *Growth factors | ||
+ | *Vitamins | ||
+ | *Minerals | ||
+ | |l5=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction | ||
+ | |q6=Which immunoglobulins are present in colostrum? | ||
+ | |a6= | ||
+ | *IgG in the largest amount | ||
+ | *IgA | ||
+ | *IgM | ||
+ | |l6=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction | ||
+ | |q7=True or False: IgA is most abundent in ruminant milk | ||
+ | |a7= | ||
+ | *False | ||
+ | *IgG is most abundent in ruminant milk | ||
+ | *IgA is most abundent in non-ruminant milk | ||
+ | |l7=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction | ||
+ | |q8=When does inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins occur in the neonate? | ||
+ | |a8= | ||
+ | *The neonate does not recieve colostrum | ||
+ | *The neonate does not recieve enough colostrum | ||
+ | *The neonate does not absorb enough colostrum | ||
+ | *The quality of the colostrum was inadequate | ||
+ | |l8=Failure of Passive Transfer | ||
+ | |q9=What does colostrum quality depend upon? | ||
+ | |a9= | ||
+ | *Breed | ||
+ | *Nutrition | ||
+ | *Season | ||
+ | *Stress | ||
+ | *Immunostatus of the dam | ||
+ | *Milk yield | ||
+ | *Pre-milking | ||
+ | *Parity | ||
+ | *Dripping from the teats | ||
+ | |l9=Failure of Passive Transfer | ||
+ | |q10=What does the quantity of colostrum depend upon? | ||
+ | |a10= | ||
+ | *Amount the neonate suckles | ||
+ | *Premature births | ||
+ | |l10=Failure of Passive Transfer | ||
+ | </FlashCard> | ||
+ | ===Testing Colostrum Quality=== | ||
+ | <FlashCard questions="9"> | ||
+ | |q1=True or False: Colostrum quality can not be determined by appearance | ||
+ | |a1=True | ||
+ | |l1=Colostrum Quality Testing | ||
+ | |q2=How can colostrum be stored without reducing its immunological potential? | ||
+ | |a2= | ||
+ | *Freezing immediately will make the colostrum last for a year | ||
+ | *Refridgerating immediately will make the colostrum last for 5-7 days | ||
+ | |l2=Colostrum Quality Testing | ||
+ | |q3=How can the immune status of colostrum be tested? | ||
+ | |a3= | ||
+ | *By a colostrometer | ||
+ | *Through using the Zinc Sulfate Turbidity (ZST) test | ||
+ | *Total serum protein can be calculated | ||
+ | |l3=Colostrum Quality Testing | ||
+ | |q4=Which immunoglobulin levels does a colostrometer measure? | ||
+ | |a4=IgG | ||
+ | |l4=Colostrum Quality Testing | ||
+ | |q5=Why must colostrum be tested by a colostrometer at room temperature (20°C)? | ||
+ | |a5= | ||
+ | *Above 20°C levels of IgG will be underestimated | ||
+ | *Below 20°C levels of IgG will be overestimated | ||
+ | |l5=Colostrum Quality Testing | ||
+ | |q6=What levels of ZST units would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in calves? | ||
+ | |a6=Above 30 ZST units | ||
+ | |l6=Colostrum Quality Testing | ||
+ | |q7=What levels of serum immunoglobulin would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in foals? | ||
+ | |a7=Above 800 mg/dl | ||
+ | |l7=Colostrum Quality Testing | ||
+ | |q8=What is total serum protein levels measured by and at which ages should neonates be tested? | ||
+ | |a8= | ||
+ | *A refractometer | ||
+ | *2-8 days old | ||
+ | |l8=Colostrum Quality Testing | ||
+ | |q9=What levels of serum protein indicate the neonate is healthy and does not require further colostrum? | ||
+ | |a9=Above 4.5 mg/dl | ||
+ | |l9=Colostrum Quality Testing | ||
+ | </FlashCard> | ||
+ | ===Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (NI)=== | ||
+ | <FlashCard questions="3"> | ||
+ | |q1=When does alloimmune haemalytic anaemia occur? | ||
+ | |a1= | ||
+ | *When a neonate inherits the sires blood type and drinks colostrum from the dam | ||
+ | *As the colostrum contains antibodies against the sire and thus the neonates red blood cells | ||
+ | |l1=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis | ||
+ | |q2=When does Neonatal Isoerythrolysis occur? | ||
+ | |a2= | ||
+ | *First pregnancy from a stallion with incompatible blood type to the mare | ||
+ | *Subsequent pregnancy from the same stallion or same blood group as previously exposed to | ||
+ | |l2=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis | ||
+ | |q3=True or False: Neonatal Isoerythrolysis always occurs in mules | ||
+ | |a3=True | ||
+ | |l3=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis | ||
+ | </FlashCard> | ||
+ | <br><br> | ||
+ | {{Jim Bee 2007}} | ||
+ | [[Category:Materno-Fetal Immunity|Z]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] |
Latest revision as of 16:46, 17 March 2012
Passive Transfer and Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)
Question | Answer | Article | |
How can antibodies be transferred between individuals? |
|
Link to Article | |
Why do neonates require maternal antibodies? |
|
Link to Article | |
In which animals is there no passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta? |
|
Link to Article | |
What type of placenta do dogs and cats have? | Endotheliochorial
|
Link to Article | |
What does colostrum contain? |
|
Link to Article | |
Which immunoglobulins are present in colostrum? |
|
Link to Article | |
True or False: IgA is most abundent in ruminant milk |
|
Link to Article | |
When does inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins occur in the neonate? |
|
Link to Article | |
What does colostrum quality depend upon? |
|
Link to Article | |
What does the quantity of colostrum depend upon? |
|
Link to Article |
Testing Colostrum Quality
Question | Answer | Article | |
True or False: Colostrum quality can not be determined by appearance | True
|
Link to Article | |
How can colostrum be stored without reducing its immunological potential? |
|
Link to Article | |
How can the immune status of colostrum be tested? |
|
Link to Article | |
Which immunoglobulin levels does a colostrometer measure? | IgG
|
Link to Article | |
Why must colostrum be tested by a colostrometer at room temperature (20°C)? |
|
Link to Article | |
What levels of ZST units would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in calves? | Above 30 ZST units
|
Link to Article | |
What levels of serum immunoglobulin would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in foals? | Above 800 mg/dl
|
Link to Article | |
What is total serum protein levels measured by and at which ages should neonates be tested? |
|
Link to Article | |
What levels of serum protein indicate the neonate is healthy and does not require further colostrum? | Above 4.5 mg/dl
|
Link to Article |
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (NI)
Question | Answer | Article | |
When does alloimmune haemalytic anaemia occur? |
|
Link to Article | |
When does Neonatal Isoerythrolysis occur? |
|
Link to Article | |
True or False: Neonatal Isoerythrolysis always occurs in mules | True
|
Link to Article |
Originally funded by the RVC Jim Bee Award 2007 |