Modified Transudate

• High cells and low protein OR Low cells and high protein
• Yellow to serosanguinous, turbid
• Specific gravity 1.018 - 1.030
• Total protein 25 - 50g/L
• Nucleated cells 0.3 - 5.5 x10e9/L (up to 7 x 10e9/L)
• Mesothelial cells, macrophages, non-degenerate neutrophils, small lymphocytes

• Due to:
  • Cardiac disease
    • Increased hydrostatic pressure within blood vessels
    • May be compounded by hypertension
  • Chylous effusions (see below)
  • Lymphatic obstruction (neoplasia - e.g. papillary adenocarcinoma of the ovary in the bitch, also produces fluid)