Difference between revisions of "Neutrophilia"

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[[Category:Inflammation]][[Category:To Do - Blood]]
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Revision as of 12:14, 4 August 2010



Introduction

  • Neutrophilia is an increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood.
  • Neutrophilia is often accompanied by the release of substantial numbers of immature neutrophils into the blood stream.
    • Do not have segmented nuclei.
      • Nuclei appear as elongated bent tubes in the cytoplasm .
    • Are called "band cells".
    • The presence of band cells in the blood represent an intense need for neutrophils due to them being lost in the purulence.
    • When the percentage of these immature forms is high, it is referred to as a "left shift".

Causes of Neutrophilia

Purulent Foci:

  • Purulent foci and abscesses in the body produce substantial neutrophilia.
  • For example, neutrophilia is produced in
    • Pyometra
      • Pus in the uterus.
    • Empyema
      • Pus in a body cavity
        • E.g. Nocardia infection in the thoracic cavity.
  • In very severe infections, such at those above, the neutrophil granules become more apparent in the cytoplasm and stain bluish, and some cytoplasmic vacuolation may be seen.
    • These 'toxic' neutrophils have decreased bactericidal capability and do not respond as quickly to chemotactic stimuli.

Bacteria

  • Bacteria,particularly pyogenic forms, cause neutrophilia.

Necrosis

  • Necrosis of any kind will result in neutrophilia.
    • Necrosis from burns, malignancies and infection are particularly involved.

Fungi

Viruses

Parasites

Immune-Mediated Conditions

  • Neutrophils may be present, but are not the main component of inflammatory cells.
  • Examples:
    • Rheumatoid arthritis
    • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
    • Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia

Other Factors

  • Other factors which will produce a neutrophilia are:
    • Excitement, fear, and strenuous exercise in young animals.
    • Corticosteroids; either :
      • Released endogenously in pain or thermal stress, or
      • Exogenous therapeutic administration.
        • Neutrophilia oocures 4-8 hours post administration of the corticosteroid drug.