Difference between revisions of "Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology"
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*Different proportions of striated muscle across the species | *Different proportions of striated muscle across the species | ||
− | + | **Dog and ruminant = 100% | |
− | + | **Cat = 80% (rostral) | |
− | + | **Horse = 65% (rostral) | |
− | + | **Pig = 33% (rostral) | |
Line 68: | Line 68: | ||
===Canine=== | ===Canine=== | ||
− | * | + | *No keratinisation |
− | *Lamina muscularis present caudally | + | *Lamina muscularis present caudally (spirally aranged) |
− | *Lamina muscularis absent cranially | + | *Lamina muscularis absent cranially |
− | *Mucous glands throughout | + | *Mucous glands throughout but more abundant caudally |
===Equine=== | ===Equine=== | ||
− | * | + | *Some keratinisation |
===Ruminant=== | ===Ruminant=== | ||
− | * | + | *Heavily keratinised |
===Porcine=== | ===Porcine=== | ||
− | *Lamina muscularis present caudally | + | *Lamina muscularis present caudally (very thick) |
− | *Lamina muscularis absent cranially | + | *Lamina muscularis absent cranially |
− | * | + | *Some keratinisation |
− | *Mucous glands abundant cranially but absent caudally | + | *Mucous glands abundant cranially but absent caudally |
===Avian=== | ===Avian=== | ||
− | * | + | *See [[Crop- Anatomy and Physiology|the crop]] |
*Ducks have an oesophangeal tonsil present in the caudal segment of oesophagus | *Ducks have an oesophangeal tonsil present in the caudal segment of oesophagus | ||
Line 101: | Line 101: | ||
[[Oesophagus#Megoesophagus Secondary to Dextra-Aorta|Megoesophagus]] | [[Oesophagus#Megoesophagus Secondary to Dextra-Aorta|Megoesophagus]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | <big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> |
Revision as of 09:23, 22 July 2008
Introduction
The oesophagus (or gullet) is a muscular tube which transports food from the pharynx to the stomach. A bolus of food is passed down the oesophagus by peristalsis.
The oesophagus is divided into cevical, thoracic and abdominal sections.
Structure and Function
- Begins dorsal to cricoid cartilage of larynx
- Follows trachea down neck, first on the left and then medially once in thorax in the mediastinum
- Passes over heart then through the oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
- Passes over the dorsal border of the liver then joins the stomach at the cardia
- The cervical section is accompanied by the common carotid artery, the vagosympathetic trunk and the recurrent laryngeal nerves
- The thoracic section is accompanied by the right and left vagus nerves (CN X)
- Different proportions of striated muscle across the species
- Dog and ruminant = 100%
- Cat = 80% (rostral)
- Horse = 65% (rostral)
- Pig = 33% (rostral)
Histology
- Stratified squamous epithelium
- Mucosal folds for distension
- Degree of keratinisation depend on diet
- Lamina propria contains collagen and elastic fibres sparsely distributed
- Lamina muscularis is smooth muscle
- No glands in mucosa
- Mucous glands (tubulo-acinar) present in submucosa
- Inner circular layer of tunica muscularis thickens near gastric junction forming a sphincter
Innervation
- Sympathetic nerves
- Parasympathetic from the vagus nerve (CN X) and recurrent laryngeal nerves
- Myenteric plexus extends the length of the oesophagus
Species Differences
- Mucous glands present in horse, cats and ruminants only at pharyngeal-oesophageal junction
- Thick and strong sphincter of tunica muscularis in dogs and pigs
- Ruminants, horse and pig have stratified squamous epithelium continuing from oesophagus into stomach. Carnivores have an abrupt transition to columnar epithelium.
Canine
- No keratinisation
- Lamina muscularis present caudally (spirally aranged)
- Lamina muscularis absent cranially
- Mucous glands throughout but more abundant caudally
Equine
- Some keratinisation
Ruminant
- Heavily keratinised
Porcine
- Lamina muscularis present caudally (very thick)
- Lamina muscularis absent cranially
- Some keratinisation
- Mucous glands abundant cranially but absent caudally
Avian
- See the crop
- Ducks have an oesophangeal tonsil present in the caudal segment of oesophagus