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[[Image:Parturition Pharmacology summary.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Summary of Treatments,Copyright RVC 2008]]

[[Image:Parturition Pharmacology summary.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Summary of Treatments,Copyright RVC 2008]]

* Timing may not be absolutely perfect, there is considerable variation in the timing of drug action and effect.

* Timing may not be absolutely perfect, there is considerable variation in the timing of drug action and effect.

* Premature delivery of small, immature offspring.

* Premature delivery of small, immature offspring.

* Increased incidence of [[Parturition_-_Risks_in_Parturition_- Anatomy & Physiology#Retained_Placenta|retained placenta]].

* Increased incidence of [[Retained_Placenta|retained placenta]].

* Pharmacological induction can only be used commercially in cattle and pigs.  Induction in other species is used only to overcome birth associated problems.

* Pharmacological induction can only be used commercially in cattle and pigs.  Induction in other species is used only to overcome birth associated problems.

* Increased dystocia in cattle

* Increased dystocia in cattle

You must ensure the foetus is appropriately developed before inducing parturition.  The lungs must be mature to enable survival.  Naturally maturation of the lungs is induced by foetal cortisol, so it may be useful to administer '''glucocorticoids''' to artificially mature the lungs.

You must ensure the foetus is appropriately developed before inducing parturition.  The lungs must be mature to enable survival.  Naturally maturation of the lungs is induced by foetal cortisol, so it may be useful to administer '''glucocorticoids''' to artificially mature the lungs.

   Prostaglandin F2α: [[Parturition_-_Cervical_Softening_- Anatomy & Physiology|Cervical dilation]]

   Prostaglandin F2α: [[Cervical Softening - Anatomy & Physiology|Cervical dilation]]

   Prostaglandin F2α and Oxytocin: [[Parturition_-_Coordinated_Myometrial_Contraction_- Anatomy & Physiology|Uterine contractions]]

   Prostaglandin F2α and Oxytocin: [[Uterine Contraction - Anatomy & Physiology|Uterine contractions]]

   Oxytocin: delivery of the [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|Placenta]]

   Oxytocin: delivery of the [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|Placenta]]

* Oxytocin and Prostaglandin F2α both signal by the Gαq -> IP3 + DAG pathway to raise intracellular calcium , so are able to effect each other in the [[Parturition_-_Endocrine_Control_of_Parturition_- Anatomy & Physiology#Furgesson_Reflex|Fergusson reflex]].

* Oxytocin and Prostaglandin F2α both signal by the Gαq -> IP3 + DAG pathway to raise intracellular calcium , so are able to effect each other in the [[Parturition Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology#Furgesson_Reflex|Fergusson reflex]].

* COX II increases during labour, so prostaglandins will form as long as arachidonic acid is available.

* COX II increases during labour, so prostaglandins will form as long as arachidonic acid is available.

===== Corticosteroids =====

===== Corticosteroids =====

* Mimic foetal cortisol to remove the progesterone block by upregulating enzymes that will increase the oestrogen:progesterone ratio (for more information see [[Parturition_-_Endocrine_Control_of_Parturition_- Anatomy & Physiology|endocrinology of parturition]]).

* Mimic foetal cortisol to remove the progesterone block by upregulating enzymes that will increase the oestrogen:progesterone ratio (for more information see [[Parturition Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology|endocrinology of parturition]]).

* '''Short Acting''': apply 2-3 days before the due date (270+ days gestation).  Complications include [[Parturition_-_Risks_in_Parturition_- Anatomy & Physiology#Retained_Placenta|retained placenta]] and stillbirth.

* '''Short Acting''': apply 2-3 days before the due date (270+ days gestation).  Complications include [[Retained_Placenta|retained placenta]] and stillbirth.

* '''Medium-Long Acting''': apply 2-3 weeks before the due date.  Administration after 260 days will cause no advance of the calving date. Administration before 260 days will cause neonatal mortality.  Thus use of these corticosteroids is reliant upon accurate record keeping by the farmer so that exact dates are known.

* '''Medium-Long Acting''': apply 2-3 weeks before the due date.  Administration after 260 days will cause no advance of the calving date. Administration before 260 days will cause neonatal mortality.  Thus use of these corticosteroids is reliant upon accurate record keeping by the farmer so that exact dates are known.

===== Corticosteroid & PGF2α  Analogue =====

===== Corticosteroid & PGF2α  Analogue =====

* Has the additional benefit of acting to [[Parturition_-_Cervical_Softening_- Anatomy & Physiology|dilate and soften the cervix]] to facillitate delivery.

* Has the additional benefit of acting to [[Cervical Softening - Anatomy & Physiology|dilate and soften the cervix]] to facillitate delivery.

===== PGF2α Analogue Alone =====

===== PGF2α Analogue Alone =====

===== PGF2α Analogue =====

===== PGF2α Analogue =====

* Administer 2 days before the mean [[Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology#Gestation|gestation]] of the herd.

* Administer 2 days before the mean gestation of the herd.

* Causes luteolysis to remove the progesterone block keeping the [[Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]] quiescent.

* Causes luteolysis to remove the progesterone block keeping the [[Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]] quiescent.

* 97% will farrow within 36 hours

* 97% will farrow within 36 hours

==== Short Acting Corticosteroids ====

==== Short Acting Corticosteroids ====

* Administer on day 144 of [[Reproductive System - Anatoym & Physiology#Gestation|gestation]].

* Administer on day 144 of gestation.

* Induces lambing in ~48 hours.

* Induces lambing in ~48 hours.

* Risks delivery of low weight lambs.

* Risks delivery of low weight lambs.

[[Category:Reproductive System]]

[[Category:Parturition]][[Category:Pharmacology]]

[[Category:Bullet Points]]